//===- bolt/Profile/DataAggregator.cpp - Perf data aggregator -------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This family of functions reads profile data written by perf record,
// aggregate it and then write it back to an output file.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "bolt/Profile/DataAggregator.h"
#include "bolt/Core/BinaryContext.h"
#include "bolt/Core/BinaryFunction.h"
#include "bolt/Passes/BinaryPasses.h"
#include "bolt/Profile/BoltAddressTranslation.h"
#include "bolt/Profile/Heatmap.h"
#include "bolt/Profile/YAMLProfileWriter.h"
#include "bolt/Utils/CommandLineOpts.h"
#include "bolt/Utils/Utils.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ScopeExit.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Errc.h"
#include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Process.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Program.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Regex.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Timer.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <map>
#include <optional>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <utility>

#define DEBUG_TYPE "aggregator"

using namespace llvm;
using namespace bolt;

namespace opts {

static cl::opt<bool>
    BasicAggregation("nl",
                     cl::desc("aggregate basic samples (without LBR info)"),
                     cl::cat(AggregatorCategory));

static cl::opt<std::string>
    ITraceAggregation("itrace",
                      cl::desc("Generate LBR info with perf itrace argument"),
                      cl::cat(AggregatorCategory));

static cl::opt<bool>
FilterMemProfile("filter-mem-profile",
  cl::desc("if processing a memory profile, filter out stack or heap accesses "
           "that won't be useful for BOLT to reduce profile file size"),
  cl::init(true),
  cl::cat(AggregatorCategory));

static cl::opt<unsigned long long>
FilterPID("pid",
  cl::desc("only use samples from process with specified PID"),
  cl::init(0),
  cl::Optional,
  cl::cat(AggregatorCategory));

static cl::opt<bool>
IgnoreBuildID("ignore-build-id",
  cl::desc("continue even if build-ids in input binary and perf.data mismatch"),
  cl::init(false),
  cl::cat(AggregatorCategory));

static cl::opt<bool> IgnoreInterruptLBR(
    "ignore-interrupt-lbr",
    cl::desc("ignore kernel interrupt LBR that happens asynchronously"),
    cl::init(true), cl::cat(AggregatorCategory));

static cl::opt<unsigned long long>
MaxSamples("max-samples",
  cl::init(-1ULL),
  cl::desc("maximum number of samples to read from LBR profile"),
  cl::Optional,
  cl::Hidden,
  cl::cat(AggregatorCategory));

extern cl::opt<opts::ProfileFormatKind> ProfileFormat;
extern cl::opt<bool> ProfileWritePseudoProbes;
extern cl::opt<std::string> SaveProfile;

cl::opt<bool> ReadPreAggregated(
    "pa", cl::desc("skip perf and read data from a pre-aggregated file format"),
    cl::cat(AggregatorCategory));

cl::opt<std::string>
    ReadPerfEvents("perf-script-events",
                   cl::desc("skip perf event collection by supplying a "
                            "perf-script output in a textual format"),
                   cl::ReallyHidden, cl::init(""), cl::cat(AggregatorCategory));

static cl::opt<bool>
TimeAggregator("time-aggr",
  cl::desc("time BOLT aggregator"),
  cl::init(false),
  cl::ZeroOrMore,
  cl::cat(AggregatorCategory));

} // namespace opts

namespace {

const char TimerGroupName[] = "aggregator";
const char TimerGroupDesc[] = "Aggregator";

std::vector<SectionNameAndRange> getTextSections(const BinaryContext *BC) {
  std::vector<SectionNameAndRange> sections;
  for (BinarySection &Section : BC->sections()) {
    if (!Section.isText())
      continue;
    if (Section.getSize() == 0)
      continue;
    sections.push_back(
        {Section.getName(), Section.getAddress(), Section.getEndAddress()});
  }
  llvm::sort(sections,
             [](const SectionNameAndRange &A, const SectionNameAndRange &B) {
               return A.BeginAddress < B.BeginAddress;
             });
  return sections;
}
}

constexpr uint64_t DataAggregator::KernelBaseAddr;

DataAggregator::~DataAggregator() { deleteTempFiles(); }

namespace {
void deleteTempFile(const std::string &FileName) {
  if (std::error_code Errc = sys::fs::remove(FileName.c_str()))
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT: failed to delete temporary file " << FileName
           << " with error " << Errc.message() << "\n";
}
}

void DataAggregator::deleteTempFiles() {
  for (std::string &FileName : TempFiles)
    deleteTempFile(FileName);
  TempFiles.clear();
}

void DataAggregator::findPerfExecutable() {
  std::optional<std::string> PerfExecutable =
      sys::Process::FindInEnvPath("PATH", "perf");
  if (!PerfExecutable) {
    outs() << "PERF2BOLT: No perf executable found!\n";
    exit(1);
  }
  PerfPath = *PerfExecutable;
}

void DataAggregator::start() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: Starting data aggregation job for " << Filename << "\n";

  // Don't launch perf for pre-aggregated files or when perf input is specified
  // by the user.
  if (opts::ReadPreAggregated || !opts::ReadPerfEvents.empty())
    return;

  findPerfExecutable();

  if (opts::BasicAggregation) {
    launchPerfProcess("events without LBR",
                      MainEventsPPI,
                      "script -F pid,event,ip",
                      /*Wait = */false);
  } else if (!opts::ITraceAggregation.empty()) {
    std::string ItracePerfScriptArgs = llvm::formatv(
        "script -F pid,brstack --itrace={0}", opts::ITraceAggregation);
    launchPerfProcess("branch events with itrace", MainEventsPPI,
                      ItracePerfScriptArgs.c_str(),
                      /*Wait = */ false);
  } else {
    launchPerfProcess("branch events", MainEventsPPI, "script -F pid,brstack",
                      /*Wait = */ false);
  }

  // Note: we launch script for mem events regardless of the option, as the
  //       command fails fairly fast if mem events were not collected.
  launchPerfProcess("mem events",
                    MemEventsPPI,
                    "script -F pid,event,addr,ip",
                    /*Wait = */false);

  launchPerfProcess("process events", MMapEventsPPI,
                    "script --show-mmap-events --no-itrace",
                    /*Wait = */ false);

  launchPerfProcess("task events", TaskEventsPPI,
                    "script --show-task-events --no-itrace",
                    /*Wait = */ false);
}

void DataAggregator::abort() {
  if (opts::ReadPreAggregated)
    return;

  std::string Error;

  // Kill subprocesses in case they are not finished
  sys::Wait(TaskEventsPPI.PI, 1, &Error);
  sys::Wait(MMapEventsPPI.PI, 1, &Error);
  sys::Wait(MainEventsPPI.PI, 1, &Error);
  sys::Wait(MemEventsPPI.PI, 1, &Error);

  deleteTempFiles();

  exit(1);
}

void DataAggregator::launchPerfProcess(StringRef Name, PerfProcessInfo &PPI,
                                       const char *ArgsString, bool Wait) {
  SmallVector<StringRef, 4> Argv;

  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: spawning perf job to read " << Name << '\n';
  Argv.push_back(PerfPath.data());

  StringRef(ArgsString).split(Argv, ' ');
  Argv.push_back("-f");
  Argv.push_back("-i");
  Argv.push_back(Filename.c_str());

  if (std::error_code Errc =
          sys::fs::createTemporaryFile("perf.script", "out", PPI.StdoutPath)) {
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT: failed to create temporary file " << PPI.StdoutPath
           << " with error " << Errc.message() << "\n";
    exit(1);
  }
  TempFiles.push_back(PPI.StdoutPath.data());

  if (std::error_code Errc =
          sys::fs::createTemporaryFile("perf.script", "err", PPI.StderrPath)) {
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT: failed to create temporary file " << PPI.StderrPath
           << " with error " << Errc.message() << "\n";
    exit(1);
  }
  TempFiles.push_back(PPI.StderrPath.data());

  std::optional<StringRef> Redirects[] = {
      std::nullopt,                      // Stdin
      StringRef(PPI.StdoutPath.data()),  // Stdout
      StringRef(PPI.StderrPath.data())}; // Stderr

  LLVM_DEBUG({
    dbgs() << "Launching perf: ";
    for (StringRef Arg : Argv)
      dbgs() << Arg << " ";
    dbgs() << " 1> " << PPI.StdoutPath.data() << " 2> " << PPI.StderrPath.data()
           << "\n";
  });

  if (Wait)
    PPI.PI.ReturnCode = sys::ExecuteAndWait(PerfPath.data(), Argv,
                                            /*envp*/ std::nullopt, Redirects);
  else
    PPI.PI = sys::ExecuteNoWait(PerfPath.data(), Argv, /*envp*/ std::nullopt,
                                Redirects);
}

void DataAggregator::processFileBuildID(StringRef FileBuildID) {
  PerfProcessInfo BuildIDProcessInfo;
  launchPerfProcess("buildid list",
                    BuildIDProcessInfo,
                    "buildid-list",
                    /*Wait = */true);

  if (BuildIDProcessInfo.PI.ReturnCode != 0) {
    ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MB =
        MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(BuildIDProcessInfo.StderrPath.data());
    StringRef ErrBuf = (*MB)->getBuffer();

    errs() << "PERF-ERROR: return code " << BuildIDProcessInfo.PI.ReturnCode
           << '\n';
    errs() << ErrBuf;
    return;
  }

  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MB =
      MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(BuildIDProcessInfo.StdoutPath.data());
  if (std::error_code EC = MB.getError()) {
    errs() << "Cannot open " << BuildIDProcessInfo.StdoutPath.data() << ": "
           << EC.message() << "\n";
    return;
  }

  FileBuf = std::move(*MB);
  ParsingBuf = FileBuf->getBuffer();

  std::optional<StringRef> FileName = getFileNameForBuildID(FileBuildID);
  if (!FileName) {
    if (hasAllBuildIDs()) {
      errs() << "PERF2BOLT-ERROR: failed to match build-id from perf output. "
                "This indicates the input binary supplied for data aggregation "
                "is not the same recorded by perf when collecting profiling "
                "data, or there were no samples recorded for the binary. "
                "Use -ignore-build-id option to override.\n";
      if (!opts::IgnoreBuildID)
        abort();
    } else {
      errs() << "PERF2BOLT-WARNING: build-id will not be checked because perf "
                "data was recorded without it\n";
      return;
    }
  } else if (*FileName != llvm::sys::path::filename(BC->getFilename())) {
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT-WARNING: build-id matched a different file name\n";
    BuildIDBinaryName = std::string(*FileName);
  } else {
    outs() << "PERF2BOLT: matched build-id and file name\n";
  }
}

bool DataAggregator::checkPerfDataMagic(StringRef FileName) {
  if (opts::ReadPreAggregated)
    return true;

  Expected<sys::fs::file_t> FD = sys::fs::openNativeFileForRead(FileName);
  if (!FD) {
    consumeError(FD.takeError());
    return false;
  }

  char Buf[7] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};

  auto Close = make_scope_exit([&] { sys::fs::closeFile(*FD); });
  Expected<size_t> BytesRead = sys::fs::readNativeFileSlice(
      *FD, MutableArrayRef(Buf, sizeof(Buf)), 0);
  if (!BytesRead) {
    consumeError(BytesRead.takeError());
    return false;
  }

  if (*BytesRead != 7)
    return false;

  if (strncmp(Buf, "PERFILE", 7) == 0)
    return true;
  return false;
}

void DataAggregator::parsePreAggregated() {
  std::string Error;

  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MB =
      MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(Filename);
  if (std::error_code EC = MB.getError()) {
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT-ERROR: cannot open " << Filename << ": "
           << EC.message() << "\n";
    exit(1);
  }

  FileBuf = std::move(*MB);
  ParsingBuf = FileBuf->getBuffer();
  Col = 0;
  Line = 1;
  if (parsePreAggregatedLBRSamples()) {
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT: failed to parse samples\n";
    exit(1);
  }
}

void DataAggregator::filterBinaryMMapInfo() {
  if (opts::FilterPID) {
    auto MMapInfoIter = BinaryMMapInfo.find(opts::FilterPID);
    if (MMapInfoIter != BinaryMMapInfo.end()) {
      MMapInfo MMap = MMapInfoIter->second;
      BinaryMMapInfo.clear();
      BinaryMMapInfo.insert(std::make_pair(MMap.PID, MMap));
    } else {
      if (errs().has_colors())
        errs().changeColor(raw_ostream::RED);
      errs() << "PERF2BOLT-ERROR: could not find a profile matching PID \""
             << opts::FilterPID << "\""
             << " for binary \"" << BC->getFilename() << "\".";
      assert(!BinaryMMapInfo.empty() && "No memory map for matching binary");
      errs() << " Profile for the following process is available:\n";
      for (std::pair<const uint64_t, MMapInfo> &MMI : BinaryMMapInfo)
        outs() << "  " << MMI.second.PID
               << (MMI.second.Forked ? " (forked)\n" : "\n");

      if (errs().has_colors())
        errs().resetColor();

      exit(1);
    }
  }
}

int DataAggregator::prepareToParse(StringRef Name, PerfProcessInfo &Process,
                                   PerfProcessErrorCallbackTy Callback) {
  if (!opts::ReadPerfEvents.empty()) {
    outs() << "PERF2BOLT: using pre-processed perf events for '" << Name
           << "' (perf-script-events)\n";
    ParsingBuf = opts::ReadPerfEvents;
    return 0;
  }

  std::string Error;
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: waiting for perf " << Name
         << " collection to finish...\n";
  sys::ProcessInfo PI = sys::Wait(Process.PI, std::nullopt, &Error);

  if (!Error.empty()) {
    errs() << "PERF-ERROR: " << PerfPath << ": " << Error << "\n";
    deleteTempFiles();
    exit(1);
  }

  if (PI.ReturnCode != 0) {
    ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> ErrorMB =
        MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(Process.StderrPath.data());
    StringRef ErrBuf = (*ErrorMB)->getBuffer();

    deleteTempFiles();
    Callback(PI.ReturnCode, ErrBuf);
    return PI.ReturnCode;
  }

  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MB =
      MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(Process.StdoutPath.data());
  if (std::error_code EC = MB.getError()) {
    errs() << "Cannot open " << Process.StdoutPath.data() << ": "
           << EC.message() << "\n";
    deleteTempFiles();
    exit(1);
  }

  FileBuf = std::move(*MB);
  ParsingBuf = FileBuf->getBuffer();
  Col = 0;
  Line = 1;
  return PI.ReturnCode;
}

Error DataAggregator::preprocessProfile(BinaryContext &BC) {
  this->BC = &BC;

  if (opts::ReadPreAggregated) {
    parsePreAggregated();
    return Error::success();
  }

  if (std::optional<StringRef> FileBuildID = BC.getFileBuildID()) {
    outs() << "BOLT-INFO: binary build-id is:     " << *FileBuildID << "\n";
    processFileBuildID(*FileBuildID);
  } else {
    errs() << "BOLT-WARNING: build-id will not be checked because we could "
              "not read one from input binary\n";
  }

  auto ErrorCallback = [](int ReturnCode, StringRef ErrBuf) {
    errs() << "PERF-ERROR: return code " << ReturnCode << "\n" << ErrBuf;
    exit(1);
  };

  auto MemEventsErrorCallback = [&](int ReturnCode, StringRef ErrBuf) {
    Regex NoData("Samples for '.*' event do not have ADDR attribute set. "
                 "Cannot print 'addr' field.");
    if (!NoData.match(ErrBuf))
      ErrorCallback(ReturnCode, ErrBuf);
  };

  if (BC.IsLinuxKernel) {
    // Current MMap parsing logic does not work with linux kernel.
    // MMap entries for linux kernel uses PERF_RECORD_MMAP
    // format instead of typical PERF_RECORD_MMAP2 format.
    // Since linux kernel address mapping is absolute (same as
    // in the ELF file), we avoid parsing MMap in linux kernel mode.
    // While generating optimized linux kernel binary, we may need
    // to parse MMap entries.

    // In linux kernel mode, we analyze and optimize
    // all linux kernel binary instructions, irrespective
    // of whether they are due to system calls or due to
    // interrupts. Therefore, we cannot ignore interrupt
    // in Linux kernel mode.
    opts::IgnoreInterruptLBR = false;
  } else {
    prepareToParse("mmap events", MMapEventsPPI, ErrorCallback);
    if (parseMMapEvents())
      errs() << "PERF2BOLT: failed to parse mmap events\n";
  }

  prepareToParse("task events", TaskEventsPPI, ErrorCallback);
  if (parseTaskEvents())
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT: failed to parse task events\n";

  filterBinaryMMapInfo();
  prepareToParse("events", MainEventsPPI, ErrorCallback);

  if (opts::HeatmapMode) {
    if (std::error_code EC = printLBRHeatMap()) {
      errs() << "ERROR: failed to print heat map: " << EC.message() << '\n';
      exit(1);
    }
    exit(0);
  }

  if ((!opts::BasicAggregation && parseBranchEvents()) ||
      (opts::BasicAggregation && parseBasicEvents()))
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT: failed to parse samples\n";

  // Special handling for memory events
  if (prepareToParse("mem events", MemEventsPPI, MemEventsErrorCallback))
    return Error::success();

  if (const std::error_code EC = parseMemEvents())
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT: failed to parse memory events: " << EC.message()
           << '\n';

  deleteTempFiles();

  return Error::success();
}

Error DataAggregator::readProfile(BinaryContext &BC) {
  processProfile(BC);

  for (auto &BFI : BC.getBinaryFunctions()) {
    BinaryFunction &Function = BFI.second;
    convertBranchData(Function);
  }

  if (opts::AggregateOnly) {
    if (opts::ProfileFormat == opts::ProfileFormatKind::PF_Fdata)
      if (std::error_code EC = writeAggregatedFile(opts::OutputFilename))
        report_error("cannot create output data file", EC);

    // BAT YAML is handled by DataAggregator since normal YAML output requires
    // CFG which is not available in BAT mode.
    if (usesBAT()) {
      if (opts::ProfileFormat == opts::ProfileFormatKind::PF_YAML)
        if (std::error_code EC = writeBATYAML(BC, opts::OutputFilename))
          report_error("cannot create output data file", EC);
      if (!opts::SaveProfile.empty())
        if (std::error_code EC = writeBATYAML(BC, opts::SaveProfile))
          report_error("cannot create output data file", EC);
    }
  }

  return Error::success();
}

bool DataAggregator::mayHaveProfileData(const BinaryFunction &Function) {
  return Function.hasProfileAvailable();
}

void DataAggregator::processProfile(BinaryContext &BC) {
  if (opts::ReadPreAggregated)
    processPreAggregated();
  else if (opts::BasicAggregation)
    processBasicEvents();
  else
    processBranchEvents();

  processMemEvents();

  // Mark all functions with registered events as having a valid profile.
  const auto Flags = opts::BasicAggregation ? BinaryFunction::PF_SAMPLE
                                            : BinaryFunction::PF_LBR;
  for (auto &BFI : BC.getBinaryFunctions()) {
    BinaryFunction &BF = BFI.second;
    FuncBranchData *FBD = getBranchData(BF);
    if (FBD || getFuncSampleData(BF.getNames())) {
      BF.markProfiled(Flags);
      if (FBD)
        BF.RawBranchCount = FBD->getNumExecutedBranches();
    }
  }

  for (auto &FuncBranches : NamesToBranches)
    llvm::stable_sort(FuncBranches.second.Data);

  for (auto &MemEvents : NamesToMemEvents)
    llvm::stable_sort(MemEvents.second.Data);

  // Release intermediate storage.
  clear(BranchLBRs);
  clear(FallthroughLBRs);
  clear(AggregatedLBRs);
  clear(BasicSamples);
  clear(MemSamples);
}

BinaryFunction *
DataAggregator::getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(uint64_t Address) const {
  if (!BC->containsAddress(Address))
    return nullptr;

  return BC->getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(Address, /*CheckPastEnd=*/false,
                                                /*UseMaxSize=*/true);
}

BinaryFunction *
DataAggregator::getBATParentFunction(const BinaryFunction &Func) const {
  if (BAT)
    if (const uint64_t HotAddr = BAT->fetchParentAddress(Func.getAddress()))
      return getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(HotAddr);
  return nullptr;
}

StringRef DataAggregator::getLocationName(const BinaryFunction &Func,
                                          bool BAT) {
  if (!BAT)
    return Func.getOneName();

  const BinaryFunction *OrigFunc = &Func;
  // If it is a local function, prefer the name containing the file name where
  // the local function was declared
  for (StringRef AlternativeName : OrigFunc->getNames()) {
    size_t FileNameIdx = AlternativeName.find('/');
    // Confirm the alternative name has the pattern Symbol/FileName/1 before
    // using it
    if (FileNameIdx == StringRef::npos ||
        AlternativeName.find('/', FileNameIdx + 1) == StringRef::npos)
      continue;
    return AlternativeName;
  }
  return OrigFunc->getOneName();
}

bool DataAggregator::doSample(BinaryFunction &OrigFunc, uint64_t Address,
                              uint64_t Count) {
  BinaryFunction *ParentFunc = getBATParentFunction(OrigFunc);
  BinaryFunction &Func = ParentFunc ? *ParentFunc : OrigFunc;
  if (ParentFunc)
    NumColdSamples += Count;

  auto I = NamesToSamples.find(Func.getOneName());
  if (I == NamesToSamples.end()) {
    bool Success;
    StringRef LocName = getLocationName(Func, BAT);
    std::tie(I, Success) = NamesToSamples.insert(
        std::make_pair(Func.getOneName(),
                       FuncSampleData(LocName, FuncSampleData::ContainerTy())));
  }

  Address -= Func.getAddress();
  if (BAT)
    Address = BAT->translate(Func.getAddress(), Address, /*IsBranchSrc=*/false);

  I->second.bumpCount(Address, Count);
  return true;
}

bool DataAggregator::doIntraBranch(BinaryFunction &Func, uint64_t From,
                                   uint64_t To, uint64_t Count,
                                   uint64_t Mispreds) {
  FuncBranchData *AggrData = getBranchData(Func);
  if (!AggrData) {
    AggrData = &NamesToBranches[Func.getOneName()];
    AggrData->Name = getLocationName(Func, BAT);
    setBranchData(Func, AggrData);
  }

  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "BOLT-DEBUG: bumpBranchCount: "
                    << formatv("{0} @ {1:x} -> {0} @ {2:x}\n", Func, From, To));
  AggrData->bumpBranchCount(From, To, Count, Mispreds);
  return true;
}

bool DataAggregator::doInterBranch(BinaryFunction *FromFunc,
                                   BinaryFunction *ToFunc, uint64_t From,
                                   uint64_t To, uint64_t Count,
                                   uint64_t Mispreds) {
  FuncBranchData *FromAggrData = nullptr;
  FuncBranchData *ToAggrData = nullptr;
  StringRef SrcFunc;
  StringRef DstFunc;
  if (FromFunc) {
    SrcFunc = getLocationName(*FromFunc, BAT);
    FromAggrData = getBranchData(*FromFunc);
    if (!FromAggrData) {
      FromAggrData = &NamesToBranches[FromFunc->getOneName()];
      FromAggrData->Name = SrcFunc;
      setBranchData(*FromFunc, FromAggrData);
    }

    recordExit(*FromFunc, From, Mispreds, Count);
  }
  if (ToFunc) {
    DstFunc = getLocationName(*ToFunc, BAT);
    ToAggrData = getBranchData(*ToFunc);
    if (!ToAggrData) {
      ToAggrData = &NamesToBranches[ToFunc->getOneName()];
      ToAggrData->Name = DstFunc;
      setBranchData(*ToFunc, ToAggrData);
    }

    recordEntry(*ToFunc, To, Mispreds, Count);
  }

  if (FromAggrData)
    FromAggrData->bumpCallCount(From, Location(!DstFunc.empty(), DstFunc, To),
                                Count, Mispreds);
  if (ToAggrData)
    ToAggrData->bumpEntryCount(Location(!SrcFunc.empty(), SrcFunc, From), To,
                               Count, Mispreds);
  return true;
}

bool DataAggregator::doBranch(uint64_t From, uint64_t To, uint64_t Count,
                              uint64_t Mispreds) {
  // Returns whether \p Offset in \p Func contains a return instruction.
  auto checkReturn = [&](const BinaryFunction &Func, const uint64_t Offset) {
    auto isReturn = [&](auto MI) { return MI && BC->MIB->isReturn(*MI); };
    return Func.hasInstructions()
               ? isReturn(Func.getInstructionAtOffset(Offset))
               : isReturn(Func.disassembleInstructionAtOffset(Offset));
  };

  // Returns whether \p Offset in \p Func may be a call continuation excluding
  // entry points and landing pads.
  auto checkCallCont = [&](const BinaryFunction &Func, const uint64_t Offset) {
    // No call continuation at a function start.
    if (!Offset)
      return false;

    // FIXME: support BAT case where the function might be in empty state
    // (split fragments declared non-simple).
    if (!Func.hasCFG())
      return false;

    // The offset should not be an entry point or a landing pad.
    const BinaryBasicBlock *ContBB = Func.getBasicBlockAtOffset(Offset);
    return ContBB && !ContBB->isEntryPoint() && !ContBB->isLandingPad();
  };

  // Mutates \p Addr to an offset into the containing function, performing BAT
  // offset translation and parent lookup.
  //
  // Returns the containing function (or BAT parent) and whether the address
  // corresponds to a return (if \p IsFrom) or a call continuation (otherwise).
  auto handleAddress = [&](uint64_t &Addr, bool IsFrom) {
    BinaryFunction *Func = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(Addr);
    if (!Func)
      return std::pair{Func, false};

    Addr -= Func->getAddress();

    bool IsRetOrCallCont =
        IsFrom ? checkReturn(*Func, Addr) : checkCallCont(*Func, Addr);

    if (BAT)
      Addr = BAT->translate(Func->getAddress(), Addr, IsFrom);

    BinaryFunction *ParentFunc = getBATParentFunction(*Func);
    if (!ParentFunc)
      return std::pair{Func, IsRetOrCallCont};

    if (IsFrom)
      NumColdSamples += Count;

    return std::pair{ParentFunc, IsRetOrCallCont};
  };

  uint64_t ToOrig = To;
  auto [FromFunc, IsReturn] = handleAddress(From, /*IsFrom*/ true);
  auto [ToFunc, IsCallCont] = handleAddress(To, /*IsFrom*/ false);
  if (!FromFunc && !ToFunc)
    return false;

  // Record call to continuation trace.
  if (NeedsConvertRetProfileToCallCont && FromFunc != ToFunc &&
      (IsReturn || IsCallCont)) {
    LBREntry First{ToOrig - 1, ToOrig - 1, false};
    LBREntry Second{ToOrig, ToOrig, false};
    return doTrace(First, Second, Count);
  }
  // Ignore returns.
  if (IsReturn)
    return true;

  // Treat recursive control transfers as inter-branches.
  if (FromFunc == ToFunc && To != 0) {
    recordBranch(*FromFunc, From, To, Count, Mispreds);
    return doIntraBranch(*FromFunc, From, To, Count, Mispreds);
  }

  return doInterBranch(FromFunc, ToFunc, From, To, Count, Mispreds);
}

bool DataAggregator::doTrace(const LBREntry &First, const LBREntry &Second,
                             uint64_t Count) {
  BinaryFunction *FromFunc = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(First.To);
  BinaryFunction *ToFunc = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(Second.From);
  if (!FromFunc || !ToFunc) {
    LLVM_DEBUG({
      dbgs() << "Out of range trace starting in ";
      if (FromFunc)
        dbgs() << formatv("{0} @ {1:x}", *FromFunc,
                          First.To - FromFunc->getAddress());
      else
        dbgs() << Twine::utohexstr(First.To);
      dbgs() << " and ending in ";
      if (ToFunc)
        dbgs() << formatv("{0} @ {1:x}", *ToFunc,
                          Second.From - ToFunc->getAddress());
      else
        dbgs() << Twine::utohexstr(Second.From);
      dbgs() << '\n';
    });
    NumLongRangeTraces += Count;
    return false;
  }
  if (FromFunc != ToFunc) {
    NumInvalidTraces += Count;
    LLVM_DEBUG({
      dbgs() << "Invalid trace starting in " << FromFunc->getPrintName()
             << formatv(" @ {0:x}", First.To - FromFunc->getAddress())
             << " and ending in " << ToFunc->getPrintName()
             << formatv(" @ {0:x}\n", Second.From - ToFunc->getAddress());
    });
    return false;
  }

  // Set ParentFunc to BAT parent function or FromFunc itself.
  BinaryFunction *ParentFunc = getBATParentFunction(*FromFunc);
  if (!ParentFunc)
    ParentFunc = FromFunc;
  ParentFunc->SampleCountInBytes += Count * (Second.From - First.To);

  const uint64_t FuncAddress = FromFunc->getAddress();
  std::optional<BoltAddressTranslation::FallthroughListTy> FTs =
      BAT && BAT->isBATFunction(FuncAddress)
          ? BAT->getFallthroughsInTrace(FuncAddress, First.To, Second.From)
          : getFallthroughsInTrace(*FromFunc, First, Second, Count);
  if (!FTs) {
    LLVM_DEBUG(
        dbgs() << "Invalid trace starting in " << FromFunc->getPrintName()
               << " @ " << Twine::utohexstr(First.To - FromFunc->getAddress())
               << " and ending in " << ToFunc->getPrintName() << " @ "
               << ToFunc->getPrintName() << " @ "
               << Twine::utohexstr(Second.From - ToFunc->getAddress()) << '\n');
    NumInvalidTraces += Count;
    return false;
  }

  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Processing " << FTs->size() << " fallthroughs for "
                    << FromFunc->getPrintName() << ":"
                    << Twine::utohexstr(First.To) << " to "
                    << Twine::utohexstr(Second.From) << ".\n");
  for (auto [From, To] : *FTs) {
    if (BAT) {
      From = BAT->translate(FromFunc->getAddress(), From, /*IsBranchSrc=*/true);
      To = BAT->translate(FromFunc->getAddress(), To, /*IsBranchSrc=*/false);
    }
    doIntraBranch(*ParentFunc, From, To, Count, false);
  }

  return true;
}

std::optional<SmallVector<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>, 16>>
DataAggregator::getFallthroughsInTrace(BinaryFunction &BF,
                                       const LBREntry &FirstLBR,
                                       const LBREntry &SecondLBR,
                                       uint64_t Count) const {
  SmallVector<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>, 16> Branches;

  BinaryContext &BC = BF.getBinaryContext();

  // Offsets of the trace within this function.
  const uint64_t From = FirstLBR.To - BF.getAddress();
  const uint64_t To = SecondLBR.From - BF.getAddress();

  if (From > To)
    return std::nullopt;

  // Accept fall-throughs inside pseudo functions (PLT/thunks).
  // This check has to be above BF.empty as pseudo functions would pass it:
  // pseudo => ignored => CFG not built => empty.
  // If we return nullopt, trace would be reported as mismatching disassembled
  // function contents which it is not. To avoid this, return an empty
  // fall-through list instead.
  if (BF.isPseudo())
    return Branches;

  if (!BF.isSimple())
    return std::nullopt;

  assert(BF.hasCFG() && "can only record traces in CFG state");

  const BinaryBasicBlock *FromBB = BF.getBasicBlockContainingOffset(From);
  const BinaryBasicBlock *ToBB = BF.getBasicBlockContainingOffset(To);

  if (!FromBB || !ToBB)
    return std::nullopt;

  // Adjust FromBB if the first LBR is a return from the last instruction in
  // the previous block (that instruction should be a call).
  if (From == FromBB->getOffset() && !BF.containsAddress(FirstLBR.From) &&
      !FromBB->isEntryPoint() && !FromBB->isLandingPad()) {
    const BinaryBasicBlock *PrevBB =
        BF.getLayout().getBlock(FromBB->getIndex() - 1);
    if (PrevBB->getSuccessor(FromBB->getLabel())) {
      const MCInst *Instr = PrevBB->getLastNonPseudoInstr();
      if (Instr && BC.MIB->isCall(*Instr))
        FromBB = PrevBB;
      else
        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "invalid incoming LBR (no call): " << FirstLBR
                          << '\n');
    } else {
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "invalid incoming LBR: " << FirstLBR << '\n');
    }
  }

  // Fill out information for fall-through edges. The From and To could be
  // within the same basic block, e.g. when two call instructions are in the
  // same block. In this case we skip the processing.
  if (FromBB == ToBB)
    return Branches;

  // Process blocks in the original layout order.
  BinaryBasicBlock *BB = BF.getLayout().getBlock(FromBB->getIndex());
  assert(BB == FromBB && "index mismatch");
  while (BB != ToBB) {
    BinaryBasicBlock *NextBB = BF.getLayout().getBlock(BB->getIndex() + 1);
    assert((NextBB && NextBB->getOffset() > BB->getOffset()) && "bad layout");

    // Check for bad LBRs.
    if (!BB->getSuccessor(NextBB->getLabel())) {
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "no fall-through for the trace:\n"
                        << "  " << FirstLBR << '\n'
                        << "  " << SecondLBR << '\n');
      return std::nullopt;
    }

    const MCInst *Instr = BB->getLastNonPseudoInstr();
    uint64_t Offset = 0;
    if (Instr)
      Offset = BC.MIB->getOffsetWithDefault(*Instr, 0);
    else
      Offset = BB->getOffset();

    Branches.emplace_back(Offset, NextBB->getOffset());

    BB = NextBB;
  }

  // Record fall-through jumps
  for (const auto &[FromOffset, ToOffset] : Branches) {
    BinaryBasicBlock *FromBB = BF.getBasicBlockContainingOffset(FromOffset);
    BinaryBasicBlock *ToBB = BF.getBasicBlockAtOffset(ToOffset);
    assert(FromBB && ToBB);
    BinaryBasicBlock::BinaryBranchInfo &BI = FromBB->getBranchInfo(*ToBB);
    BI.Count += Count;
  }

  return Branches;
}

bool DataAggregator::recordEntry(BinaryFunction &BF, uint64_t To, bool Mispred,
                                 uint64_t Count) const {
  if (To > BF.getSize())
    return false;

  if (!BF.hasProfile())
    BF.ExecutionCount = 0;

  BinaryBasicBlock *EntryBB = nullptr;
  if (To == 0) {
    BF.ExecutionCount += Count;
    if (!BF.empty())
      EntryBB = &BF.front();
  } else if (BinaryBasicBlock *BB = BF.getBasicBlockAtOffset(To)) {
    if (BB->isEntryPoint())
      EntryBB = BB;
  }

  if (EntryBB)
    EntryBB->setExecutionCount(EntryBB->getKnownExecutionCount() + Count);

  return true;
}

bool DataAggregator::recordExit(BinaryFunction &BF, uint64_t From, bool Mispred,
                                uint64_t Count) const {
  if (!BF.isSimple() || From > BF.getSize())
    return false;

  if (!BF.hasProfile())
    BF.ExecutionCount = 0;

  return true;
}

ErrorOr<LBREntry> DataAggregator::parseLBREntry() {
  LBREntry Res;
  ErrorOr<StringRef> FromStrRes = parseString('/');
  if (std::error_code EC = FromStrRes.getError())
    return EC;
  StringRef OffsetStr = FromStrRes.get();
  if (OffsetStr.getAsInteger(0, Res.From)) {
    reportError("expected hexadecimal number with From address");
    Diag << "Found: " << OffsetStr << "\n";
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }

  ErrorOr<StringRef> ToStrRes = parseString('/');
  if (std::error_code EC = ToStrRes.getError())
    return EC;
  OffsetStr = ToStrRes.get();
  if (OffsetStr.getAsInteger(0, Res.To)) {
    reportError("expected hexadecimal number with To address");
    Diag << "Found: " << OffsetStr << "\n";
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }

  ErrorOr<StringRef> MispredStrRes = parseString('/');
  if (std::error_code EC = MispredStrRes.getError())
    return EC;
  StringRef MispredStr = MispredStrRes.get();
  if (MispredStr.size() != 1 ||
      (MispredStr[0] != 'P' && MispredStr[0] != 'M' && MispredStr[0] != '-')) {
    reportError("expected single char for mispred bit");
    Diag << "Found: " << MispredStr << "\n";
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }
  Res.Mispred = MispredStr[0] == 'M';

  static bool MispredWarning = true;
  if (MispredStr[0] == '-' && MispredWarning) {
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT-WARNING: misprediction bit is missing in profile\n";
    MispredWarning = false;
  }

  ErrorOr<StringRef> Rest = parseString(FieldSeparator, true);
  if (std::error_code EC = Rest.getError())
    return EC;
  if (Rest.get().size() < 5) {
    reportError("expected rest of LBR entry");
    Diag << "Found: " << Rest.get() << "\n";
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }
  return Res;
}

bool DataAggregator::checkAndConsumeFS() {
  if (ParsingBuf[0] != FieldSeparator)
    return false;

  ParsingBuf = ParsingBuf.drop_front(1);
  Col += 1;
  return true;
}

void DataAggregator::consumeRestOfLine() {
  size_t LineEnd = ParsingBuf.find_first_of('\n');
  if (LineEnd == StringRef::npos) {
    ParsingBuf = StringRef();
    Col = 0;
    Line += 1;
    return;
  }
  ParsingBuf = ParsingBuf.drop_front(LineEnd + 1);
  Col = 0;
  Line += 1;
}

bool DataAggregator::checkNewLine() {
  return ParsingBuf[0] == '\n';
}

ErrorOr<DataAggregator::PerfBranchSample> DataAggregator::parseBranchSample() {
  PerfBranchSample Res;

  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  ErrorOr<int64_t> PIDRes = parseNumberField(FieldSeparator, true);
  if (std::error_code EC = PIDRes.getError())
    return EC;
  auto MMapInfoIter = BinaryMMapInfo.find(*PIDRes);
  if (!BC->IsLinuxKernel && MMapInfoIter == BinaryMMapInfo.end()) {
    consumeRestOfLine();
    return make_error_code(errc::no_such_process);
  }

  if (checkAndConsumeNewLine())
    return Res;

  while (!checkAndConsumeNewLine()) {
    checkAndConsumeFS();

    ErrorOr<LBREntry> LBRRes = parseLBREntry();
    if (std::error_code EC = LBRRes.getError())
      return EC;
    LBREntry LBR = LBRRes.get();
    if (ignoreKernelInterrupt(LBR))
      continue;
    if (!BC->HasFixedLoadAddress)
      adjustLBR(LBR, MMapInfoIter->second);
    Res.LBR.push_back(LBR);
  }

  return Res;
}

ErrorOr<DataAggregator::PerfBasicSample> DataAggregator::parseBasicSample() {
  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  ErrorOr<int64_t> PIDRes = parseNumberField(FieldSeparator, true);
  if (std::error_code EC = PIDRes.getError())
    return EC;

  auto MMapInfoIter = BinaryMMapInfo.find(*PIDRes);
  if (MMapInfoIter == BinaryMMapInfo.end()) {
    consumeRestOfLine();
    return PerfBasicSample{StringRef(), 0};
  }

  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  ErrorOr<StringRef> Event = parseString(FieldSeparator);
  if (std::error_code EC = Event.getError())
    return EC;

  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  ErrorOr<uint64_t> AddrRes = parseHexField(FieldSeparator, true);
  if (std::error_code EC = AddrRes.getError())
    return EC;

  if (!checkAndConsumeNewLine()) {
    reportError("expected end of line");
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }

  uint64_t Address = *AddrRes;
  if (!BC->HasFixedLoadAddress)
    adjustAddress(Address, MMapInfoIter->second);

  return PerfBasicSample{Event.get(), Address};
}

ErrorOr<DataAggregator::PerfMemSample> DataAggregator::parseMemSample() {
  PerfMemSample Res{0, 0};

  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  ErrorOr<int64_t> PIDRes = parseNumberField(FieldSeparator, true);
  if (std::error_code EC = PIDRes.getError())
    return EC;

  auto MMapInfoIter = BinaryMMapInfo.find(*PIDRes);
  if (MMapInfoIter == BinaryMMapInfo.end()) {
    consumeRestOfLine();
    return Res;
  }

  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  ErrorOr<StringRef> Event = parseString(FieldSeparator);
  if (std::error_code EC = Event.getError())
    return EC;
  if (!Event.get().contains("mem-loads")) {
    consumeRestOfLine();
    return Res;
  }

  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  ErrorOr<uint64_t> AddrRes = parseHexField(FieldSeparator);
  if (std::error_code EC = AddrRes.getError())
    return EC;

  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  ErrorOr<uint64_t> PCRes = parseHexField(FieldSeparator, true);
  if (std::error_code EC = PCRes.getError()) {
    consumeRestOfLine();
    return EC;
  }

  if (!checkAndConsumeNewLine()) {
    reportError("expected end of line");
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }

  uint64_t Address = *AddrRes;
  if (!BC->HasFixedLoadAddress)
    adjustAddress(Address, MMapInfoIter->second);

  return PerfMemSample{PCRes.get(), Address};
}

ErrorOr<Location> DataAggregator::parseLocationOrOffset() {
  auto parseOffset = [this]() -> ErrorOr<Location> {
    ErrorOr<uint64_t> Res = parseHexField(FieldSeparator);
    if (std::error_code EC = Res.getError())
      return EC;
    return Location(Res.get());
  };

  size_t Sep = ParsingBuf.find_first_of(" \n");
  if (Sep == StringRef::npos)
    return parseOffset();
  StringRef LookAhead = ParsingBuf.substr(0, Sep);
  if (!LookAhead.contains(':'))
    return parseOffset();

  ErrorOr<StringRef> BuildID = parseString(':');
  if (std::error_code EC = BuildID.getError())
    return EC;
  ErrorOr<uint64_t> Offset = parseHexField(FieldSeparator);
  if (std::error_code EC = Offset.getError())
    return EC;
  return Location(true, BuildID.get(), Offset.get());
}

std::error_code DataAggregator::parseAggregatedLBREntry() {
  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  ErrorOr<StringRef> TypeOrErr = parseString(FieldSeparator);
  if (std::error_code EC = TypeOrErr.getError())
    return EC;
  // Pre-aggregated profile with branches and fallthroughs needs to convert
  // return profile into call to continuation fall-through.
  auto Type = AggregatedLBREntry::BRANCH;
  if (TypeOrErr.get() == "B") {
    NeedsConvertRetProfileToCallCont = true;
    Type = AggregatedLBREntry::BRANCH;
  } else if (TypeOrErr.get() == "F") {
    NeedsConvertRetProfileToCallCont = true;
    Type = AggregatedLBREntry::FT;
  } else if (TypeOrErr.get() == "f") {
    NeedsConvertRetProfileToCallCont = true;
    Type = AggregatedLBREntry::FT_EXTERNAL_ORIGIN;
  } else if (TypeOrErr.get() == "T") {
    // Trace is expanded into B and [Ff]
    Type = AggregatedLBREntry::TRACE;
  } else {
    reportError("expected T, B, F or f");
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }

  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }
  ErrorOr<Location> From = parseLocationOrOffset();
  if (std::error_code EC = From.getError())
    return EC;

  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }
  ErrorOr<Location> To = parseLocationOrOffset();
  if (std::error_code EC = To.getError())
    return EC;

  ErrorOr<Location> TraceFtEnd = std::error_code();
  if (Type == AggregatedLBREntry::TRACE) {
    while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
    }
    TraceFtEnd = parseLocationOrOffset();
    if (std::error_code EC = TraceFtEnd.getError())
      return EC;
  }

  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }
  ErrorOr<int64_t> Frequency =
      parseNumberField(FieldSeparator, Type != AggregatedLBREntry::BRANCH);
  if (std::error_code EC = Frequency.getError())
    return EC;

  uint64_t Mispreds = 0;
  if (Type == AggregatedLBREntry::BRANCH) {
    while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
    }
    ErrorOr<int64_t> MispredsOrErr = parseNumberField(FieldSeparator, true);
    if (std::error_code EC = MispredsOrErr.getError())
      return EC;
    Mispreds = static_cast<uint64_t>(MispredsOrErr.get());
  }

  if (!checkAndConsumeNewLine()) {
    reportError("expected end of line");
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }

  BinaryFunction *FromFunc = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(From->Offset);
  BinaryFunction *ToFunc = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(To->Offset);

  for (BinaryFunction *BF : {FromFunc, ToFunc})
    if (BF)
      BF->setHasProfileAvailable();

  uint64_t Count = static_cast<uint64_t>(Frequency.get());
  AggregatedLBREntry Entry{From.get(), To.get(), Count, Mispreds, Type};
  AggregatedLBRs.emplace_back(Entry);
  if (Type == AggregatedLBREntry::TRACE) {
    auto FtType = (FromFunc == ToFunc) ? AggregatedLBREntry::FT
                                       : AggregatedLBREntry::FT_EXTERNAL_ORIGIN;
    AggregatedLBREntry TraceFt{To.get(), TraceFtEnd.get(), Count, 0, FtType};
    AggregatedLBRs.emplace_back(TraceFt);
  }

  return std::error_code();
}

bool DataAggregator::ignoreKernelInterrupt(LBREntry &LBR) const {
  return opts::IgnoreInterruptLBR &&
         (LBR.From >= KernelBaseAddr || LBR.To >= KernelBaseAddr);
}

std::error_code DataAggregator::printLBRHeatMap() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: parse branch events...\n";
  NamedRegionTimer T("parseBranch", "Parsing branch events", TimerGroupName,
                     TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);

  if (BC->IsLinuxKernel) {
    opts::HeatmapMaxAddress = 0xffffffffffffffff;
    opts::HeatmapMinAddress = KernelBaseAddr;
  }
  Heatmap HM(opts::HeatmapBlock, opts::HeatmapMinAddress,
             opts::HeatmapMaxAddress, getTextSections(BC));
  uint64_t NumTotalSamples = 0;

  if (opts::BasicAggregation) {
    while (hasData()) {
      ErrorOr<PerfBasicSample> SampleRes = parseBasicSample();
      if (std::error_code EC = SampleRes.getError()) {
        if (EC == errc::no_such_process)
          continue;
        return EC;
      }
      PerfBasicSample &Sample = SampleRes.get();
      HM.registerAddress(Sample.PC);
      NumTotalSamples++;
    }
    outs() << "HEATMAP: read " << NumTotalSamples << " basic samples\n";
  } else {
    while (hasData()) {
      ErrorOr<PerfBranchSample> SampleRes = parseBranchSample();
      if (std::error_code EC = SampleRes.getError()) {
        if (EC == errc::no_such_process)
          continue;
        return EC;
      }

      PerfBranchSample &Sample = SampleRes.get();

      // LBRs are stored in reverse execution order. NextLBR refers to the next
      // executed branch record.
      const LBREntry *NextLBR = nullptr;
      for (const LBREntry &LBR : Sample.LBR) {
        if (NextLBR) {
          // Record fall-through trace.
          const uint64_t TraceFrom = LBR.To;
          const uint64_t TraceTo = NextLBR->From;
          ++FallthroughLBRs[Trace(TraceFrom, TraceTo)].InternCount;
        }
        NextLBR = &LBR;
      }
      if (!Sample.LBR.empty()) {
        HM.registerAddress(Sample.LBR.front().To);
        HM.registerAddress(Sample.LBR.back().From);
      }
      NumTotalSamples += Sample.LBR.size();
    }
    outs() << "HEATMAP: read " << NumTotalSamples << " LBR samples\n";
    outs() << "HEATMAP: " << FallthroughLBRs.size() << " unique traces\n";
  }

  if (!NumTotalSamples) {
    if (opts::BasicAggregation) {
      errs() << "HEATMAP-ERROR: no basic event samples detected in profile. "
                "Cannot build heatmap.";
    } else {
      errs() << "HEATMAP-ERROR: no LBR traces detected in profile. "
                "Cannot build heatmap. Use -nl for building heatmap from "
                "basic events.\n";
    }
    exit(1);
  }

  outs() << "HEATMAP: building heat map...\n";

  for (const auto &LBR : FallthroughLBRs) {
    const Trace &Trace = LBR.first;
    const FTInfo &Info = LBR.second;
    HM.registerAddressRange(Trace.From, Trace.To, Info.InternCount);
  }

  if (HM.getNumInvalidRanges())
    outs() << "HEATMAP: invalid traces: " << HM.getNumInvalidRanges() << '\n';

  if (!HM.size()) {
    errs() << "HEATMAP-ERROR: no valid traces registered\n";
    exit(1);
  }

  HM.print(opts::OutputFilename);
  if (opts::OutputFilename == "-")
    HM.printCDF(opts::OutputFilename);
  else
    HM.printCDF(opts::OutputFilename + ".csv");
  if (opts::OutputFilename == "-")
    HM.printSectionHotness(opts::OutputFilename);
  else
    HM.printSectionHotness(opts::OutputFilename + "-section-hotness.csv");

  return std::error_code();
}

uint64_t DataAggregator::parseLBRSample(const PerfBranchSample &Sample,
                                        bool NeedsSkylakeFix) {
  uint64_t NumTraces{0};
  // LBRs are stored in reverse execution order. NextLBR refers to the next
  // executed branch record.
  const LBREntry *NextLBR = nullptr;
  uint32_t NumEntry = 0;
  for (const LBREntry &LBR : Sample.LBR) {
    ++NumEntry;
    // Hardware bug workaround: Intel Skylake (which has 32 LBR entries)
    // sometimes record entry 32 as an exact copy of entry 31. This will cause
    // us to likely record an invalid trace and generate a stale function for
    // BAT mode (non BAT disassembles the function and is able to ignore this
    // trace at aggregation time). Drop first 2 entries (last two, in
    // chronological order)
    if (NeedsSkylakeFix && NumEntry <= 2)
      continue;
    if (NextLBR) {
      // Record fall-through trace.
      const uint64_t TraceFrom = LBR.To;
      const uint64_t TraceTo = NextLBR->From;
      const BinaryFunction *TraceBF =
          getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(TraceFrom);
      if (TraceBF && TraceBF->containsAddress(TraceTo)) {
        FTInfo &Info = FallthroughLBRs[Trace(TraceFrom, TraceTo)];
        if (TraceBF->containsAddress(LBR.From))
          ++Info.InternCount;
        else
          ++Info.ExternCount;
      } else {
        const BinaryFunction *ToFunc =
            getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(TraceTo);
        if (TraceBF && ToFunc) {
          LLVM_DEBUG({
            dbgs() << "Invalid trace starting in " << TraceBF->getPrintName()
                   << formatv(" @ {0:x}", TraceFrom - TraceBF->getAddress())
                   << formatv(" and ending @ {0:x}\n", TraceTo);
          });
          ++NumInvalidTraces;
        } else {
          LLVM_DEBUG({
            dbgs() << "Out of range trace starting in "
                   << (TraceBF ? TraceBF->getPrintName() : "None")
                   << formatv(" @ {0:x}",
                              TraceFrom - (TraceBF ? TraceBF->getAddress() : 0))
                   << " and ending in "
                   << (ToFunc ? ToFunc->getPrintName() : "None")
                   << formatv(" @ {0:x}\n",
                              TraceTo - (ToFunc ? ToFunc->getAddress() : 0));
          });
          ++NumLongRangeTraces;
        }
      }
      ++NumTraces;
    }
    NextLBR = &LBR;

    uint64_t From = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(LBR.From) ? LBR.From : 0;
    uint64_t To = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(LBR.To) ? LBR.To : 0;
    if (!From && !To)
      continue;
    TakenBranchInfo &Info = BranchLBRs[Trace(From, To)];
    ++Info.TakenCount;
    Info.MispredCount += LBR.Mispred;
  }
  return NumTraces;
}

std::error_code DataAggregator::parseBranchEvents() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: parse branch events...\n";
  NamedRegionTimer T("parseBranch", "Parsing branch events", TimerGroupName,
                     TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);

  uint64_t NumTotalSamples = 0;
  uint64_t NumEntries = 0;
  uint64_t NumSamples = 0;
  uint64_t NumSamplesNoLBR = 0;
  uint64_t NumTraces = 0;
  bool NeedsSkylakeFix = false;

  while (hasData() && NumTotalSamples < opts::MaxSamples) {
    ++NumTotalSamples;

    ErrorOr<PerfBranchSample> SampleRes = parseBranchSample();
    if (std::error_code EC = SampleRes.getError()) {
      if (EC == errc::no_such_process)
        continue;
      return EC;
    }
    ++NumSamples;

    PerfBranchSample &Sample = SampleRes.get();

    if (Sample.LBR.empty()) {
      ++NumSamplesNoLBR;
      continue;
    }

    NumEntries += Sample.LBR.size();
    if (BAT && Sample.LBR.size() == 32 && !NeedsSkylakeFix) {
      errs() << "PERF2BOLT-WARNING: using Intel Skylake bug workaround\n";
      NeedsSkylakeFix = true;
    }

    NumTraces += parseLBRSample(Sample, NeedsSkylakeFix);
  }

  for (const Trace &Trace : llvm::make_first_range(BranchLBRs))
    for (const uint64_t Addr : {Trace.From, Trace.To})
      if (BinaryFunction *BF = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(Addr))
        BF->setHasProfileAvailable();

  auto printColored = [](raw_ostream &OS, float Percent, float T1, float T2) {
    OS << " (";
    if (OS.has_colors()) {
      if (Percent > T2)
        OS.changeColor(raw_ostream::RED);
      else if (Percent > T1)
        OS.changeColor(raw_ostream::YELLOW);
      else
        OS.changeColor(raw_ostream::GREEN);
    }
    OS << format("%.1f%%", Percent);
    if (OS.has_colors())
      OS.resetColor();
    OS << ")";
  };

  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: read " << NumSamples << " samples and " << NumEntries
         << " LBR entries\n";
  if (NumTotalSamples) {
    if (NumSamples && NumSamplesNoLBR == NumSamples) {
      // Note: we don't know if perf2bolt is being used to parse memory samples
      // at this point. In this case, it is OK to parse zero LBRs.
      errs() << "PERF2BOLT-WARNING: all recorded samples for this binary lack "
                "LBR. Record profile with perf record -j any or run perf2bolt "
                "in no-LBR mode with -nl (the performance improvement in -nl "
                "mode may be limited)\n";
    } else {
      const uint64_t IgnoredSamples = NumTotalSamples - NumSamples;
      const float PercentIgnored = 100.0f * IgnoredSamples / NumTotalSamples;
      outs() << "PERF2BOLT: " << IgnoredSamples << " samples";
      printColored(outs(), PercentIgnored, 20, 50);
      outs() << " were ignored\n";
      if (PercentIgnored > 50.0f)
        errs() << "PERF2BOLT-WARNING: less than 50% of all recorded samples "
                  "were attributed to the input binary\n";
    }
  }
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: traces mismatching disassembled function contents: "
         << NumInvalidTraces;
  float Perc = 0.0f;
  if (NumTraces > 0) {
    Perc = NumInvalidTraces * 100.0f / NumTraces;
    printColored(outs(), Perc, 5, 10);
  }
  outs() << "\n";
  if (Perc > 10.0f)
    outs() << "\n !! WARNING !! This high mismatch ratio indicates the input "
              "binary is probably not the same binary used during profiling "
              "collection. The generated data may be ineffective for improving "
              "performance.\n\n";

  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: out of range traces involving unknown regions: "
         << NumLongRangeTraces;
  if (NumTraces > 0)
    outs() << format(" (%.1f%%)", NumLongRangeTraces * 100.0f / NumTraces);
  outs() << "\n";

  if (NumColdSamples > 0) {
    const float ColdSamples = NumColdSamples * 100.0f / NumTotalSamples;
    outs() << "PERF2BOLT: " << NumColdSamples
           << format(" (%.1f%%)", ColdSamples)
           << " samples recorded in cold regions of split functions.\n";
    if (ColdSamples > 5.0f)
      outs()
          << "WARNING: The BOLT-processed binary where samples were collected "
             "likely used bad data or your service observed a large shift in "
             "profile. You may want to audit this.\n";
  }

  return std::error_code();
}

void DataAggregator::processBranchEvents() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: processing branch events...\n";
  NamedRegionTimer T("processBranch", "Processing branch events",
                     TimerGroupName, TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);

  for (const auto &AggrLBR : FallthroughLBRs) {
    const Trace &Loc = AggrLBR.first;
    const FTInfo &Info = AggrLBR.second;
    LBREntry First{Loc.From, Loc.From, false};
    LBREntry Second{Loc.To, Loc.To, false};
    if (Info.InternCount)
      doTrace(First, Second, Info.InternCount);
    if (Info.ExternCount) {
      First.From = 0;
      doTrace(First, Second, Info.ExternCount);
    }
  }

  for (const auto &AggrLBR : BranchLBRs) {
    const Trace &Loc = AggrLBR.first;
    const TakenBranchInfo &Info = AggrLBR.second;
    doBranch(Loc.From, Loc.To, Info.TakenCount, Info.MispredCount);
  }
}

std::error_code DataAggregator::parseBasicEvents() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: parsing basic events (without LBR)...\n";
  NamedRegionTimer T("parseBasic", "Parsing basic events", TimerGroupName,
                     TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);
  while (hasData()) {
    ErrorOr<PerfBasicSample> Sample = parseBasicSample();
    if (std::error_code EC = Sample.getError())
      return EC;

    if (!Sample->PC)
      continue;

    if (BinaryFunction *BF = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(Sample->PC))
      BF->setHasProfileAvailable();

    ++BasicSamples[Sample->PC];
    EventNames.insert(Sample->EventName);
  }

  return std::error_code();
}

void DataAggregator::processBasicEvents() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: processing basic events (without LBR)...\n";
  NamedRegionTimer T("processBasic", "Processing basic events", TimerGroupName,
                     TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);
  uint64_t OutOfRangeSamples = 0;
  uint64_t NumSamples = 0;
  for (auto &Sample : BasicSamples) {
    const uint64_t PC = Sample.first;
    const uint64_t HitCount = Sample.second;
    NumSamples += HitCount;
    BinaryFunction *Func = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(PC);
    if (!Func) {
      OutOfRangeSamples += HitCount;
      continue;
    }

    doSample(*Func, PC, HitCount);
  }
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: read " << NumSamples << " samples\n";

  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: out of range samples recorded in unknown regions: "
         << OutOfRangeSamples;
  float Perc = 0.0f;
  if (NumSamples > 0) {
    outs() << " (";
    Perc = OutOfRangeSamples * 100.0f / NumSamples;
    if (outs().has_colors()) {
      if (Perc > 60.0f)
        outs().changeColor(raw_ostream::RED);
      else if (Perc > 40.0f)
        outs().changeColor(raw_ostream::YELLOW);
      else
        outs().changeColor(raw_ostream::GREEN);
    }
    outs() << format("%.1f%%", Perc);
    if (outs().has_colors())
      outs().resetColor();
    outs() << ")";
  }
  outs() << "\n";
  if (Perc > 80.0f)
    outs() << "\n !! WARNING !! This high mismatch ratio indicates the input "
              "binary is probably not the same binary used during profiling "
              "collection. The generated data may be ineffective for improving "
              "performance.\n\n";
}

std::error_code DataAggregator::parseMemEvents() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: parsing memory events...\n";
  NamedRegionTimer T("parseMemEvents", "Parsing mem events", TimerGroupName,
                     TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);
  while (hasData()) {
    ErrorOr<PerfMemSample> Sample = parseMemSample();
    if (std::error_code EC = Sample.getError())
      return EC;

    if (BinaryFunction *BF = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(Sample->PC))
      BF->setHasProfileAvailable();

    MemSamples.emplace_back(std::move(Sample.get()));
  }

  return std::error_code();
}

void DataAggregator::processMemEvents() {
  NamedRegionTimer T("ProcessMemEvents", "Processing mem events",
                     TimerGroupName, TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);
  for (const PerfMemSample &Sample : MemSamples) {
    uint64_t PC = Sample.PC;
    uint64_t Addr = Sample.Addr;
    StringRef FuncName;
    StringRef MemName;

    // Try to resolve symbol for PC
    BinaryFunction *Func = getBinaryFunctionContainingAddress(PC);
    if (!Func) {
      LLVM_DEBUG(if (PC != 0) {
        dbgs() << formatv("Skipped mem event: {0:x} => {1:x}\n", PC, Addr);
      });
      continue;
    }

    FuncName = Func->getOneName();
    PC -= Func->getAddress();

    // Try to resolve symbol for memory load
    if (BinaryData *BD = BC->getBinaryDataContainingAddress(Addr)) {
      MemName = BD->getName();
      Addr -= BD->getAddress();
    } else if (opts::FilterMemProfile) {
      // Filter out heap/stack accesses
      continue;
    }

    const Location FuncLoc(!FuncName.empty(), FuncName, PC);
    const Location AddrLoc(!MemName.empty(), MemName, Addr);

    FuncMemData *MemData = &NamesToMemEvents[FuncName];
    MemData->Name = FuncName;
    setMemData(*Func, MemData);
    MemData->update(FuncLoc, AddrLoc);
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Mem event: " << FuncLoc << " = " << AddrLoc << "\n");
  }
}

std::error_code DataAggregator::parsePreAggregatedLBRSamples() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: parsing pre-aggregated profile...\n";
  NamedRegionTimer T("parseAggregated", "Parsing aggregated branch events",
                     TimerGroupName, TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);
  while (hasData())
    if (std::error_code EC = parseAggregatedLBREntry())
      return EC;

  return std::error_code();
}

void DataAggregator::processPreAggregated() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: processing pre-aggregated profile...\n";
  NamedRegionTimer T("processAggregated", "Processing aggregated branch events",
                     TimerGroupName, TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);

  uint64_t NumTraces = 0;
  for (const AggregatedLBREntry &AggrEntry : AggregatedLBRs) {
    switch (AggrEntry.EntryType) {
    case AggregatedLBREntry::BRANCH:
    case AggregatedLBREntry::TRACE:
      doBranch(AggrEntry.From.Offset, AggrEntry.To.Offset, AggrEntry.Count,
               AggrEntry.Mispreds);
      break;
    case AggregatedLBREntry::FT:
    case AggregatedLBREntry::FT_EXTERNAL_ORIGIN: {
      LBREntry First{AggrEntry.EntryType == AggregatedLBREntry::FT
                         ? AggrEntry.From.Offset
                         : 0,
                     AggrEntry.From.Offset, false};
      LBREntry Second{AggrEntry.To.Offset, AggrEntry.To.Offset, false};
      doTrace(First, Second, AggrEntry.Count);
      NumTraces += AggrEntry.Count;
      break;
    }
    }
  }

  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: read " << AggregatedLBRs.size()
         << " aggregated LBR entries\n";
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: traces mismatching disassembled function contents: "
         << NumInvalidTraces;
  float Perc = 0.0f;
  if (NumTraces > 0) {
    outs() << " (";
    Perc = NumInvalidTraces * 100.0f / NumTraces;
    if (outs().has_colors()) {
      if (Perc > 10.0f)
        outs().changeColor(raw_ostream::RED);
      else if (Perc > 5.0f)
        outs().changeColor(raw_ostream::YELLOW);
      else
        outs().changeColor(raw_ostream::GREEN);
    }
    outs() << format("%.1f%%", Perc);
    if (outs().has_colors())
      outs().resetColor();
    outs() << ")";
  }
  outs() << "\n";
  if (Perc > 10.0f)
    outs() << "\n !! WARNING !! This high mismatch ratio indicates the input "
              "binary is probably not the same binary used during profiling "
              "collection. The generated data may be ineffective for improving "
              "performance.\n\n";

  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: Out of range traces involving unknown regions: "
         << NumLongRangeTraces;
  if (NumTraces > 0)
    outs() << format(" (%.1f%%)", NumLongRangeTraces * 100.0f / NumTraces);
  outs() << "\n";
}

std::optional<int32_t> DataAggregator::parseCommExecEvent() {
  size_t LineEnd = ParsingBuf.find_first_of("\n");
  if (LineEnd == StringRef::npos) {
    reportError("expected rest of line");
    Diag << "Found: " << ParsingBuf << "\n";
    return std::nullopt;
  }
  StringRef Line = ParsingBuf.substr(0, LineEnd);

  size_t Pos = Line.find("PERF_RECORD_COMM exec");
  if (Pos == StringRef::npos)
    return std::nullopt;
  Line = Line.drop_front(Pos);

  // Line:
  //  PERF_RECORD_COMM exec: <name>:<pid>/<tid>"
  StringRef PIDStr = Line.rsplit(':').second.split('/').first;
  int32_t PID;
  if (PIDStr.getAsInteger(10, PID)) {
    reportError("expected PID");
    Diag << "Found: " << PIDStr << "in '" << Line << "'\n";
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  return PID;
}

namespace {
std::optional<uint64_t> parsePerfTime(const StringRef TimeStr) {
  const StringRef SecTimeStr = TimeStr.split('.').first;
  const StringRef USecTimeStr = TimeStr.split('.').second;
  uint64_t SecTime;
  uint64_t USecTime;
  if (SecTimeStr.getAsInteger(10, SecTime) ||
      USecTimeStr.getAsInteger(10, USecTime))
    return std::nullopt;
  return SecTime * 1000000ULL + USecTime;
}
}

std::optional<DataAggregator::ForkInfo> DataAggregator::parseForkEvent() {
  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  size_t LineEnd = ParsingBuf.find_first_of("\n");
  if (LineEnd == StringRef::npos) {
    reportError("expected rest of line");
    Diag << "Found: " << ParsingBuf << "\n";
    return std::nullopt;
  }
  StringRef Line = ParsingBuf.substr(0, LineEnd);

  size_t Pos = Line.find("PERF_RECORD_FORK");
  if (Pos == StringRef::npos) {
    consumeRestOfLine();
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  ForkInfo FI;

  const StringRef TimeStr =
      Line.substr(0, Pos).rsplit(':').first.rsplit(FieldSeparator).second;
  if (std::optional<uint64_t> TimeRes = parsePerfTime(TimeStr)) {
    FI.Time = *TimeRes;
  }

  Line = Line.drop_front(Pos);

  // Line:
  //  PERF_RECORD_FORK(<child_pid>:<child_tid>):(<parent_pid>:<parent_tid>)
  const StringRef ChildPIDStr = Line.split('(').second.split(':').first;
  if (ChildPIDStr.getAsInteger(10, FI.ChildPID)) {
    reportError("expected PID");
    Diag << "Found: " << ChildPIDStr << "in '" << Line << "'\n";
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  const StringRef ParentPIDStr = Line.rsplit('(').second.split(':').first;
  if (ParentPIDStr.getAsInteger(10, FI.ParentPID)) {
    reportError("expected PID");
    Diag << "Found: " << ParentPIDStr << "in '" << Line << "'\n";
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  consumeRestOfLine();

  return FI;
}

ErrorOr<std::pair<StringRef, DataAggregator::MMapInfo>>
DataAggregator::parseMMapEvent() {
  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  MMapInfo ParsedInfo;

  size_t LineEnd = ParsingBuf.find_first_of("\n");
  if (LineEnd == StringRef::npos) {
    reportError("expected rest of line");
    Diag << "Found: " << ParsingBuf << "\n";
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }
  StringRef Line = ParsingBuf.substr(0, LineEnd);

  size_t Pos = Line.find("PERF_RECORD_MMAP2");
  if (Pos == StringRef::npos) {
    consumeRestOfLine();
    return std::make_pair(StringRef(), ParsedInfo);
  }

  // Line:
  //   {<name> .* <sec>.<usec>: }PERF_RECORD_MMAP2 <pid>/<tid>: .* <file_name>

  const StringRef TimeStr =
      Line.substr(0, Pos).rsplit(':').first.rsplit(FieldSeparator).second;
  if (std::optional<uint64_t> TimeRes = parsePerfTime(TimeStr))
    ParsedInfo.Time = *TimeRes;

  Line = Line.drop_front(Pos);

  // Line:
  //   PERF_RECORD_MMAP2 <pid>/<tid>: [<hexbase>(<hexsize>) .*]: .* <file_name>

  StringRef FileName = Line.rsplit(FieldSeparator).second;
  if (FileName.starts_with("//") || FileName.starts_with("[")) {
    consumeRestOfLine();
    return std::make_pair(StringRef(), ParsedInfo);
  }
  FileName = sys::path::filename(FileName);

  const StringRef PIDStr = Line.split(FieldSeparator).second.split('/').first;
  if (PIDStr.getAsInteger(10, ParsedInfo.PID)) {
    reportError("expected PID");
    Diag << "Found: " << PIDStr << "in '" << Line << "'\n";
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }

  const StringRef BaseAddressStr = Line.split('[').second.split('(').first;
  if (BaseAddressStr.getAsInteger(0, ParsedInfo.MMapAddress)) {
    reportError("expected base address");
    Diag << "Found: " << BaseAddressStr << "in '" << Line << "'\n";
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }

  const StringRef SizeStr = Line.split('(').second.split(')').first;
  if (SizeStr.getAsInteger(0, ParsedInfo.Size)) {
    reportError("expected mmaped size");
    Diag << "Found: " << SizeStr << "in '" << Line << "'\n";
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }

  const StringRef OffsetStr =
      Line.split('@').second.ltrim().split(FieldSeparator).first;
  if (OffsetStr.getAsInteger(0, ParsedInfo.Offset)) {
    reportError("expected mmaped page-aligned offset");
    Diag << "Found: " << OffsetStr << "in '" << Line << "'\n";
    return make_error_code(llvm::errc::io_error);
  }

  consumeRestOfLine();

  return std::make_pair(FileName, ParsedInfo);
}

std::error_code DataAggregator::parseMMapEvents() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: parsing perf-script mmap events output\n";
  NamedRegionTimer T("parseMMapEvents", "Parsing mmap events", TimerGroupName,
                     TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);

  std::multimap<StringRef, MMapInfo> GlobalMMapInfo;
  while (hasData()) {
    ErrorOr<std::pair<StringRef, MMapInfo>> FileMMapInfoRes = parseMMapEvent();
    if (std::error_code EC = FileMMapInfoRes.getError())
      return EC;

    std::pair<StringRef, MMapInfo> FileMMapInfo = FileMMapInfoRes.get();
    if (FileMMapInfo.second.PID == -1)
      continue;
    if (FileMMapInfo.first == "(deleted)")
      continue;

    GlobalMMapInfo.insert(FileMMapInfo);
  }

  LLVM_DEBUG({
    dbgs() << "FileName -> mmap info:\n"
           << "  Filename : PID [MMapAddr, Size, Offset]\n";
    for (const auto &[Name, MMap] : GlobalMMapInfo)
      dbgs() << formatv("  {0} : {1} [{2:x}, {3:x} @ {4:x}]\n", Name, MMap.PID,
                        MMap.MMapAddress, MMap.Size, MMap.Offset);
  });

  StringRef NameToUse = llvm::sys::path::filename(BC->getFilename());
  if (GlobalMMapInfo.count(NameToUse) == 0 && !BuildIDBinaryName.empty()) {
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT-WARNING: using \"" << BuildIDBinaryName
           << "\" for profile matching\n";
    NameToUse = BuildIDBinaryName;
  }

  auto Range = GlobalMMapInfo.equal_range(NameToUse);
  for (MMapInfo &MMapInfo : llvm::make_second_range(make_range(Range))) {
    if (BC->HasFixedLoadAddress && MMapInfo.MMapAddress) {
      // Check that the binary mapping matches one of the segments.
      bool MatchFound = llvm::any_of(
          llvm::make_second_range(BC->SegmentMapInfo),
          [&](SegmentInfo &SegInfo) {
            // The mapping is page-aligned and hence the MMapAddress could be
            // different from the segment start address. We cannot know the page
            // size of the mapping, but we know it should not exceed the segment
            // alignment value. Hence we are performing an approximate check.
            return SegInfo.Address >= MMapInfo.MMapAddress &&
                   SegInfo.Address - MMapInfo.MMapAddress < SegInfo.Alignment &&
                   SegInfo.IsExecutable;
          });
      if (!MatchFound) {
        errs() << "PERF2BOLT-WARNING: ignoring mapping of " << NameToUse
               << " at 0x" << Twine::utohexstr(MMapInfo.MMapAddress) << '\n';
        continue;
      }
    }

    // Set base address for shared objects.
    if (!BC->HasFixedLoadAddress) {
      std::optional<uint64_t> BaseAddress =
          BC->getBaseAddressForMapping(MMapInfo.MMapAddress, MMapInfo.Offset);
      if (!BaseAddress) {
        errs() << "PERF2BOLT-WARNING: unable to find base address of the "
                  "binary when memory mapped at 0x"
               << Twine::utohexstr(MMapInfo.MMapAddress)
               << " using file offset 0x" << Twine::utohexstr(MMapInfo.Offset)
               << ". Ignoring profile data for this mapping\n";
        continue;
      }
      MMapInfo.BaseAddress = *BaseAddress;
    }

    // Try to add MMapInfo to the map and update its size. Large binaries may
    // span to multiple text segments, so the mapping is inserted only on the
    // first occurrence.
    if (!BinaryMMapInfo.insert(std::make_pair(MMapInfo.PID, MMapInfo)).second)
      assert(MMapInfo.BaseAddress == BinaryMMapInfo[MMapInfo.PID].BaseAddress &&
             "Base address on multiple segment mappings should match");

    // Update mapping size.
    const uint64_t EndAddress = MMapInfo.MMapAddress + MMapInfo.Size;
    const uint64_t Size = EndAddress - BinaryMMapInfo[MMapInfo.PID].BaseAddress;
    if (Size > BinaryMMapInfo[MMapInfo.PID].Size)
      BinaryMMapInfo[MMapInfo.PID].Size = Size;
  }

  if (BinaryMMapInfo.empty()) {
    if (errs().has_colors())
      errs().changeColor(raw_ostream::RED);
    errs() << "PERF2BOLT-ERROR: could not find a profile matching binary \""
           << BC->getFilename() << "\".";
    if (!GlobalMMapInfo.empty()) {
      errs() << " Profile for the following binary name(s) is available:\n";
      for (auto I = GlobalMMapInfo.begin(), IE = GlobalMMapInfo.end(); I != IE;
           I = GlobalMMapInfo.upper_bound(I->first))
        errs() << "  " << I->first << '\n';
      errs() << "Please rename the input binary.\n";
    } else {
      errs() << " Failed to extract any binary name from a profile.\n";
    }
    if (errs().has_colors())
      errs().resetColor();

    exit(1);
  }

  return std::error_code();
}

std::error_code DataAggregator::parseTaskEvents() {
  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: parsing perf-script task events output\n";
  NamedRegionTimer T("parseTaskEvents", "Parsing task events", TimerGroupName,
                     TimerGroupDesc, opts::TimeAggregator);

  while (hasData()) {
    if (std::optional<int32_t> CommInfo = parseCommExecEvent()) {
      // Remove forked child that ran execve
      auto MMapInfoIter = BinaryMMapInfo.find(*CommInfo);
      if (MMapInfoIter != BinaryMMapInfo.end() && MMapInfoIter->second.Forked)
        BinaryMMapInfo.erase(MMapInfoIter);
      consumeRestOfLine();
      continue;
    }

    std::optional<ForkInfo> ForkInfo = parseForkEvent();
    if (!ForkInfo)
      continue;

    if (ForkInfo->ParentPID == ForkInfo->ChildPID)
      continue;

    if (ForkInfo->Time == 0) {
      // Process was forked and mmaped before perf ran. In this case the child
      // should have its own mmap entry unless it was execve'd.
      continue;
    }

    auto MMapInfoIter = BinaryMMapInfo.find(ForkInfo->ParentPID);
    if (MMapInfoIter == BinaryMMapInfo.end())
      continue;

    MMapInfo MMapInfo = MMapInfoIter->second;
    MMapInfo.PID = ForkInfo->ChildPID;
    MMapInfo.Forked = true;
    BinaryMMapInfo.insert(std::make_pair(MMapInfo.PID, MMapInfo));
  }

  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: input binary is associated with "
         << BinaryMMapInfo.size() << " PID(s)\n";

  LLVM_DEBUG({
    for (const MMapInfo &MMI : llvm::make_second_range(BinaryMMapInfo))
      outs() << formatv("  {0}{1}: ({2:x}: {3:x})\n", MMI.PID,
                        (MMI.Forked ? " (forked)" : ""), MMI.MMapAddress,
                        MMI.Size);
  });

  return std::error_code();
}

std::optional<std::pair<StringRef, StringRef>>
DataAggregator::parseNameBuildIDPair() {
  while (checkAndConsumeFS()) {
  }

  ErrorOr<StringRef> BuildIDStr = parseString(FieldSeparator, true);
  if (std::error_code EC = BuildIDStr.getError())
    return std::nullopt;

  // If one of the strings is missing, don't issue a parsing error, but still
  // do not return a value.
  consumeAllRemainingFS();
  if (checkNewLine())
    return std::nullopt;

  ErrorOr<StringRef> NameStr = parseString(FieldSeparator, true);
  if (std::error_code EC = NameStr.getError())
    return std::nullopt;

  consumeRestOfLine();
  return std::make_pair(NameStr.get(), BuildIDStr.get());
}

bool DataAggregator::hasAllBuildIDs() {
  const StringRef SavedParsingBuf = ParsingBuf;

  if (!hasData())
    return false;

  bool HasInvalidEntries = false;
  while (hasData()) {
    if (!parseNameBuildIDPair()) {
      HasInvalidEntries = true;
      break;
    }
  }

  ParsingBuf = SavedParsingBuf;

  return !HasInvalidEntries;
}

std::optional<StringRef>
DataAggregator::getFileNameForBuildID(StringRef FileBuildID) {
  const StringRef SavedParsingBuf = ParsingBuf;

  StringRef FileName;
  while (hasData()) {
    std::optional<std::pair<StringRef, StringRef>> IDPair =
        parseNameBuildIDPair();
    if (!IDPair) {
      consumeRestOfLine();
      continue;
    }

    if (IDPair->second.starts_with(FileBuildID)) {
      FileName = sys::path::filename(IDPair->first);
      break;
    }
  }

  ParsingBuf = SavedParsingBuf;

  if (!FileName.empty())
    return FileName;

  return std::nullopt;
}

std::error_code
DataAggregator::writeAggregatedFile(StringRef OutputFilename) const {
  std::error_code EC;
  raw_fd_ostream OutFile(OutputFilename, EC, sys::fs::OpenFlags::OF_None);
  if (EC)
    return EC;

  bool WriteMemLocs = false;

  auto writeLocation = [&OutFile, &WriteMemLocs](const Location &Loc) {
    if (WriteMemLocs)
      OutFile << (Loc.IsSymbol ? "4 " : "3 ");
    else
      OutFile << (Loc.IsSymbol ? "1 " : "0 ");
    OutFile << (Loc.Name.empty() ? "[unknown]" : getEscapedName(Loc.Name))
            << " " << Twine::utohexstr(Loc.Offset) << FieldSeparator;
  };

  uint64_t BranchValues = 0;
  uint64_t MemValues = 0;

  if (BAT)
    OutFile << "boltedcollection\n";
  if (opts::BasicAggregation) {
    OutFile << "no_lbr";
    for (const StringMapEntry<std::nullopt_t> &Entry : EventNames)
      OutFile << " " << Entry.getKey();
    OutFile << "\n";

    for (const auto &KV : NamesToSamples) {
      const FuncSampleData &FSD = KV.second;
      for (const SampleInfo &SI : FSD.Data) {
        writeLocation(SI.Loc);
        OutFile << SI.Hits << "\n";
        ++BranchValues;
      }
    }
  } else {
    for (const auto &KV : NamesToBranches) {
      const FuncBranchData &FBD = KV.second;
      for (const BranchInfo &BI : FBD.Data) {
        writeLocation(BI.From);
        writeLocation(BI.To);
        OutFile << BI.Mispreds << " " << BI.Branches << "\n";
        ++BranchValues;
      }
      for (const BranchInfo &BI : FBD.EntryData) {
        // Do not output if source is a known symbol, since this was already
        // accounted for in the source function
        if (BI.From.IsSymbol)
          continue;
        writeLocation(BI.From);
        writeLocation(BI.To);
        OutFile << BI.Mispreds << " " << BI.Branches << "\n";
        ++BranchValues;
      }
    }

    WriteMemLocs = true;
    for (const auto &KV : NamesToMemEvents) {
      const FuncMemData &FMD = KV.second;
      for (const MemInfo &MemEvent : FMD.Data) {
        writeLocation(MemEvent.Offset);
        writeLocation(MemEvent.Addr);
        OutFile << MemEvent.Count << "\n";
        ++MemValues;
      }
    }
  }

  outs() << "PERF2BOLT: wrote " << BranchValues << " objects and " << MemValues
         << " memory objects to " << OutputFilename << "\n";

  return std::error_code();
}

std::error_code DataAggregator::writeBATYAML(BinaryContext &BC,
                                             StringRef OutputFilename) const {
  std::error_code EC;
  raw_fd_ostream OutFile(OutputFilename, EC, sys::fs::OpenFlags::OF_None);
  if (EC)
    return EC;

  yaml::bolt::BinaryProfile BP;

  const MCPseudoProbeDecoder *PseudoProbeDecoder =
      opts::ProfileWritePseudoProbes ? BC.getPseudoProbeDecoder() : nullptr;

  // Fill out the header info.
  BP.Header.Version = 1;
  BP.Header.FileName = std::string(BC.getFilename());
  std::optional<StringRef> BuildID = BC.getFileBuildID();
  BP.Header.Id = BuildID ? std::string(*BuildID) : "<unknown>";
  BP.Header.Origin = std::string(getReaderName());
  // Only the input binary layout order is supported.
  BP.Header.IsDFSOrder = false;
  // FIXME: Need to match hash function used to produce BAT hashes.
  BP.Header.HashFunction = HashFunction::Default;

  ListSeparator LS(",");
  raw_string_ostream EventNamesOS(BP.Header.EventNames);
  for (const StringMapEntry<std::nullopt_t> &EventEntry : EventNames)
    EventNamesOS << LS << EventEntry.first().str();

  BP.Header.Flags = opts::BasicAggregation ? BinaryFunction::PF_SAMPLE
                                           : BinaryFunction::PF_LBR;

  // Add probe inline tree nodes.
  YAMLProfileWriter::InlineTreeDesc InlineTree;
  if (PseudoProbeDecoder)
    std::tie(BP.PseudoProbeDesc, InlineTree) =
        YAMLProfileWriter::convertPseudoProbeDesc(*PseudoProbeDecoder);

  if (!opts::BasicAggregation) {
    // Convert profile for functions not covered by BAT
    for (auto &BFI : BC.getBinaryFunctions()) {
      BinaryFunction &Function = BFI.second;
      if (!Function.hasProfile())
        continue;
      if (BAT->isBATFunction(Function.getAddress()))
        continue;
      BP.Functions.emplace_back(YAMLProfileWriter::convert(
          Function, /*UseDFS=*/false, InlineTree, BAT));
    }

    for (const auto &KV : NamesToBranches) {
      const StringRef FuncName = KV.first;
      const FuncBranchData &Branches = KV.second;
      yaml::bolt::BinaryFunctionProfile YamlBF;
      BinaryData *BD = BC.getBinaryDataByName(FuncName);
      assert(BD);
      uint64_t FuncAddress = BD->getAddress();
      if (!BAT->isBATFunction(FuncAddress))
        continue;
      BinaryFunction *BF = BC.getBinaryFunctionAtAddress(FuncAddress);
      assert(BF);
      YamlBF.Name = getLocationName(*BF, BAT);
      YamlBF.Id = BF->getFunctionNumber();
      YamlBF.Hash = BAT->getBFHash(FuncAddress);
      YamlBF.ExecCount = BF->getKnownExecutionCount();
      YamlBF.NumBasicBlocks = BAT->getNumBasicBlocks(FuncAddress);
      const BoltAddressTranslation::BBHashMapTy &BlockMap =
          BAT->getBBHashMap(FuncAddress);
      YamlBF.Blocks.resize(YamlBF.NumBasicBlocks);

      for (auto &&[Entry, YamlBB] : llvm::zip(BlockMap, YamlBF.Blocks)) {
        const auto &Block = Entry.second;
        YamlBB.Hash = Block.Hash;
        YamlBB.Index = Block.Index;
      }

      // Lookup containing basic block offset and index
      auto getBlock = [&BlockMap](uint32_t Offset) {
        auto BlockIt = BlockMap.upper_bound(Offset);
        if (LLVM_UNLIKELY(BlockIt == BlockMap.begin())) {
          errs() << "BOLT-ERROR: invalid BAT section\n";
          exit(1);
        }
        --BlockIt;
        return std::pair(BlockIt->first, BlockIt->second.Index);
      };

      for (const BranchInfo &BI : Branches.Data) {
        using namespace yaml::bolt;
        const auto &[BlockOffset, BlockIndex] = getBlock(BI.From.Offset);
        BinaryBasicBlockProfile &YamlBB = YamlBF.Blocks[BlockIndex];
        if (BI.To.IsSymbol && BI.To.Name == BI.From.Name && BI.To.Offset != 0) {
          // Internal branch
          const unsigned SuccIndex = getBlock(BI.To.Offset).second;
          auto &SI = YamlBB.Successors.emplace_back(SuccessorInfo{SuccIndex});
          SI.Count = BI.Branches;
          SI.Mispreds = BI.Mispreds;
        } else {
          // Call
          const uint32_t Offset = BI.From.Offset - BlockOffset;
          auto &CSI = YamlBB.CallSites.emplace_back(CallSiteInfo{Offset});
          CSI.Count = BI.Branches;
          CSI.Mispreds = BI.Mispreds;
          if (const BinaryData *BD = BC.getBinaryDataByName(BI.To.Name))
            YAMLProfileWriter::setCSIDestination(BC, CSI, BD->getSymbol(), BAT,
                                                 BI.To.Offset);
        }
      }
      // Set entry counts, similar to DataReader::readProfile.
      for (const BranchInfo &BI : Branches.EntryData) {
        if (!BlockMap.isInputBlock(BI.To.Offset)) {
          if (opts::Verbosity >= 1)
            errs() << "BOLT-WARNING: Unexpected EntryData in " << FuncName
                   << " at 0x" << Twine::utohexstr(BI.To.Offset) << '\n';
          continue;
        }
        const unsigned BlockIndex = BlockMap.getBBIndex(BI.To.Offset);
        YamlBF.Blocks[BlockIndex].ExecCount += BI.Branches;
      }
      if (PseudoProbeDecoder) {
        DenseMap<const MCDecodedPseudoProbeInlineTree *, uint32_t>
            InlineTreeNodeId;
        if (BF->getGUID()) {
          std::tie(YamlBF.InlineTree, InlineTreeNodeId) =
              YAMLProfileWriter::convertBFInlineTree(*PseudoProbeDecoder,
                                                     InlineTree, BF->getGUID());
        }
        // Fetch probes belonging to all fragments
        const AddressProbesMap &ProbeMap =
            PseudoProbeDecoder->getAddress2ProbesMap();
        BinaryFunction::FragmentsSetTy Fragments(BF->Fragments);
        Fragments.insert(BF);
        DenseMap<
            uint32_t,
            std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<const MCDecodedPseudoProbe>>>
            BlockProbes;
        for (const BinaryFunction *F : Fragments) {
          const uint64_t FuncAddr = F->getAddress();
          for (const MCDecodedPseudoProbe &Probe :
               ProbeMap.find(FuncAddr, FuncAddr + F->getSize())) {
            const uint32_t OutputAddress = Probe.getAddress();
            const uint32_t InputOffset = BAT->translate(
                FuncAddr, OutputAddress - FuncAddr, /*IsBranchSrc=*/true);
            const unsigned BlockIndex = getBlock(InputOffset).second;
            BlockProbes[BlockIndex].emplace_back(Probe);
          }
        }

        for (auto &[Block, Probes] : BlockProbes) {
          YamlBF.Blocks[Block].PseudoProbes =
              YAMLProfileWriter::writeBlockProbes(Probes, InlineTreeNodeId);
        }
      }
      // Skip printing if there's no profile data
      llvm::erase_if(
          YamlBF.Blocks, [](const yaml::bolt::BinaryBasicBlockProfile &YamlBB) {
            auto HasCount = [](const auto &SI) { return SI.Count; };
            bool HasAnyCount = YamlBB.ExecCount ||
                               llvm::any_of(YamlBB.Successors, HasCount) ||
                               llvm::any_of(YamlBB.CallSites, HasCount);
            return !HasAnyCount;
          });
      BP.Functions.emplace_back(YamlBF);
    }
  }

  // Write the profile.
  yaml::Output Out(OutFile, nullptr, 0);
  Out << BP;
  return std::error_code();
}

void DataAggregator::dump() const { DataReader::dump(); }

void DataAggregator::dump(const LBREntry &LBR) const {
  Diag << "From: " << Twine::utohexstr(LBR.From)
       << " To: " << Twine::utohexstr(LBR.To) << " Mispred? " << LBR.Mispred
       << "\n";
}

void DataAggregator::dump(const PerfBranchSample &Sample) const {
  Diag << "Sample LBR entries: " << Sample.LBR.size() << "\n";
  for (const LBREntry &LBR : Sample.LBR)
    dump(LBR);
}

void DataAggregator::dump(const PerfMemSample &Sample) const {
  Diag << "Sample mem entries: " << Sample.PC << ": " << Sample.Addr << "\n";
}