diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d7a8e0b93..6869160bc 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ When releasing, please add the new-release-boilerplate to docs/pallas/CHANGELOG.
     JAX-level dead code elimination (DCE). See {jax-issue}`#25956` for more
     details.
 
+* Changes
+  * `JAX_CPU_COLLECTIVES_IMPLEMENTATION` and `JAX_NUM_CPU_DEVICES` now work as
+    env vars. Before they could only be specified via jax.config or flags.
+
 ## jax 0.5.0 (Jan 17, 2025)
 
 As of this release, JAX now uses
diff --git a/jax/_src/config.py b/jax/_src/config.py
index c457acb0e..af7287602 100644
--- a/jax/_src/config.py
+++ b/jax/_src/config.py
@@ -1716,3 +1716,21 @@ memory_fitting_effort = float_state(
     default=0.0,
     help='Effort for minimizing memory usage (higher means more effort), valid range [-1.0, 1.0].'
 )
+
+cpu_collectives_implementation = optional_enum_state(
+    name='jax_cpu_collectives_implementation',
+    enum_values=["gloo", "mpi", "megascale"],
+    default=None,
+    help=(
+        "Cross-process collective implementation used on CPU. Must be one of "
+        '("gloo", "mpi")'),
+)
+
+num_cpu_devices = int_state(
+    name="jax_num_cpu_devices",
+    default=-1,
+    help=(
+        "Number of CPU devices to use. If not provided, the value of "
+        "the XLA flag --xla_force_host_platform_device_count is used."
+        " Must be set before JAX is initialized."),
+)
diff --git a/jax/_src/test_util.py b/jax/_src/test_util.py
index f34b2c8f3..3f23c4c76 100644
--- a/jax/_src/test_util.py
+++ b/jax/_src/test_util.py
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ def request_cpu_devices(nr_devices: int):
   invoked. Test cases that require a specific number of devices should skip
   themselves if that number is not met.
   """
-  if xla_bridge.NUM_CPU_DEVICES.value < nr_devices:
+  if config.num_cpu_devices.value < nr_devices:
     xla_bridge.get_backend.cache_clear()
     config.update("jax_num_cpu_devices", nr_devices)
 
diff --git a/jax/_src/xla_bridge.py b/jax/_src/xla_bridge.py
index cbbd04da4..51f00c56d 100644
--- a/jax/_src/xla_bridge.py
+++ b/jax/_src/xla_bridge.py
@@ -104,17 +104,6 @@ _CPU_ENABLE_GLOO_COLLECTIVES = config.bool_flag(
     help="Deprecated, please use jax_cpu_collectives_implementation instead.",
 )
 
-CPU_COLLECTIVES_IMPLEMENTATIONS = ["none", "gloo", "mpi"]
-CPU_COLLECTIVES_IMPLEMENTATION = config.enum_flag(
-    name="jax_cpu_collectives_implementation",
-    default="none",
-    enum_values=CPU_COLLECTIVES_IMPLEMENTATIONS,
-    help=(
-        "Cross-process collective implementation used on CPU. Must be one of"
-        f" {CPU_COLLECTIVES_IMPLEMENTATIONS}"
-    ),
-)
-
 _CPU_ENABLE_ASYNC_DISPATCH = config.bool_flag(
     name="jax_cpu_enable_async_dispatch",
     default=True,
@@ -122,14 +111,6 @@ _CPU_ENABLE_ASYNC_DISPATCH = config.bool_flag(
     "inline without async dispatch.",
 )
 
-NUM_CPU_DEVICES = config.int_flag(
-    name="jax_num_cpu_devices",
-    default=-1,
-    help="Number of CPU devices to use. If not provided, the value of "
-         "the XLA flag --xla_force_host_platform_device_count is used."
-         " Must be set before JAX is initialized.",
-)
-
 
 # Warn the user if they call fork(), because it's not going to go well for them.
 def _at_fork():
@@ -255,7 +236,7 @@ def make_cpu_client(
     The created CPU client.
   """
   if collectives is None:
-    collectives_impl = CPU_COLLECTIVES_IMPLEMENTATION.value
+    collectives_impl = config.cpu_collectives_implementation.value
     if _CPU_ENABLE_GLOO_COLLECTIVES.value:
       collectives_impl = 'gloo'
       warnings.warn('Setting `jax_cpu_enable_gloo_collectives` is '
@@ -271,12 +252,13 @@ def make_cpu_client(
       collectives = xla_client._xla.make_mpi_collectives()
       collectives.Init()
       atexit.register(collectives.Finalize)
-    elif collectives_impl != 'none':
-      raise RuntimeError(f"Unknown collectives implementation "
-                        f"{collectives_impl}. Available implementations are "
-                        f"{CPU_COLLECTIVES_IMPLEMENTATIONS}.")
+    elif collectives_impl == 'megascale':
+      raise ValueError('JAX_CPU_COLLECTIVES_IMPLEMENTATION must "gloo" or "mpi"')
+    else:
+      # Already validated by config module
+      assert collectives_impl is None
 
-  num_devices = NUM_CPU_DEVICES.value if NUM_CPU_DEVICES.value >= 0 else None
+  num_devices = config.num_cpu_devices.value if config.num_cpu_devices.value >= 0 else None
   return xla_client.make_cpu_client(
     asynchronous=_CPU_ENABLE_ASYNC_DISPATCH.value,
     distributed_client=distributed.global_state.client,