Fix exception handling logic in C++ dispatch code.

The dispatch code was always raising its own exception when an exception
occurred during hashing of static arguments, even if the exception which
occurred was something like a KeyboardInterrupt.

fixes #9082

PiperOrigin-RevId: 420292886

tests/api_test.py

@@ -495,6 +495,18 @@ class CPPJitTest(jtu.BufferDonationTestCase):
         re.escape("static arguments should be comparable using __eq__")):
       jitted_f(1, HashableWithoutEq())
 
+  @unittest.skipIf(jax._src.lib._xla_extension_version < 50,
+                   "requires jaxlib >= 0.1.76")
+  def test_cpp_jit_raises_other_exceptions_when_hashing_fails(self):
+    class A:
+      def __hash__(self):
+        raise ValueError
+
+    f = jax.jit(lambda x: x + 1, static_argnums=(0,))
+    a = A()
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, '^$'):  # no extra message
+      f(a)
+
   def test_cpp_jitted_function_returns_PyBuffer(self):
     if self.jit != api._cpp_jit:
       raise unittest.SkipTest("this test only applies to _cpp_jit")