diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index c7f1e0eab..46351308c 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ Remember to align the itemized text with the first line of an item within a list
     deprecated and will soon be removed. Use `rtol` instead.
   * The deprecated `jax.config` submodule has been removed. To configure JAX
     use `import jax` and then reference the config object via `jax.config`.
+  * {mod}`jax.random` APIs no longer accept batched keys, where previously
+    some did unintentionally. Going forward, we recommend explicit use of
+    {func}`jax.vmap` in such cases.
 
 ## jaxlib 0.4.29
 
diff --git a/jax/_src/random.py b/jax/_src/random.py
index fb5d0bf45..f0ea398e7 100644
--- a/jax/_src/random.py
+++ b/jax/_src/random.py
@@ -70,11 +70,8 @@ def _isnan(x: ArrayLike) -> Array:
   return lax.ne(x, x)
 
 
-# TODO(jakevdp) Finalize batched input deprecation by setting error_on_batched=True.
-# FutureWarning Added 2024-01-17
 def _check_prng_key(name: str, key: KeyArrayLike, *,
-                    allow_batched: bool = False,
-                    error_on_batched: bool = False) -> tuple[KeyArray, bool]:
+                    allow_batched: bool = False) -> tuple[KeyArray, bool]:
   if isinstance(key, Array) and dtypes.issubdtype(key.dtype, dtypes.prng_key):
     wrapped_key = key
     wrapped = False
@@ -102,13 +99,8 @@ def _check_prng_key(name: str, key: KeyArrayLike, *,
     raise TypeError(f'unexpected PRNG key type {type(key)}')
 
   if (not allow_batched) and wrapped_key.ndim:
-    msg = (f"{name} accepts a single key, but was given a key array of "
-           f"shape {np.shape(key)} != (). Use jax.vmap for batching.")
-    if error_on_batched:
-      raise ValueError(msg)
-    else:
-      warnings.warn(msg + " In a future JAX version, this will be an error.",
-                    FutureWarning, stacklevel=3)
+    raise ValueError(f"{name} accepts a single key, but was given a key array of"
+                     f" shape {np.shape(key)} != (). Use jax.vmap for batching.")
 
   return wrapped_key, wrapped
 
@@ -252,7 +244,7 @@ def fold_in(key: KeyArrayLike, data: IntegerArray) -> KeyArray:
     A new PRNG key that is a deterministic function of the inputs and is
     statistically safe for producing a stream of new pseudo-random values.
   """
-  key, wrapped = _check_prng_key("fold_in", key, error_on_batched=True)
+  key, wrapped = _check_prng_key("fold_in", key)
   if np.ndim(data):
     raise TypeError("fold_in accepts a scalar, but was given an array of"
                     f"shape {np.shape(data)} != (). Use jax.vmap for batching.")
@@ -282,7 +274,7 @@ def split(key: KeyArrayLike, num: int | tuple[int, ...] = 2) -> KeyArray:
   Returns:
     An array-like object of `num` new PRNG keys.
   """
-  typed_key, wrapped = _check_prng_key("split", key, error_on_batched=True)
+  typed_key, wrapped = _check_prng_key("split", key)
   return _return_prng_keys(wrapped, _split(typed_key, num))
 
 
diff --git a/tests/random_lax_test.py b/tests/random_lax_test.py
index 39c4a0ef9..f69687ddc 100644
--- a/tests/random_lax_test.py
+++ b/tests/random_lax_test.py
@@ -1243,29 +1243,27 @@ class LaxRandomTest(jtu.JaxTestCase):
     self.assertArraysAllClose(samples2, jnp.array([jnp.nan, 0., jnp.nan, jnp.nan]), check_dtypes=False)
     self.assertArraysAllClose(samples3, jnp.array([jnp.nan, jnp.nan, jnp.nan]), check_dtypes=False)
 
-  def test_batched_key_warnings(self):
+  def test_batched_key_errors(self):
     keys = lambda: jax.random.split(self.make_key(0))
     msg = "{} accepts a single key, but was given a key array of shape.*"
 
-    # Check a handful of functions that are expected to warn.
-    with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, msg.format('bits')):
+    # Check a handful of functions that are expected to error.
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, msg.format('bits')):
       jax.random.bits(keys(), shape=(2,))
-    with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, msg.format('chisquare')):
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, msg.format('chisquare')):
       jax.random.chisquare(keys(), 1.0, shape=(2,))
-    with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, msg.format('dirichlet')):
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, msg.format('dirichlet')):
       jax.random.dirichlet(keys(), jnp.arange(2.0), shape=(2,))
-    with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, msg.format('gamma')):
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, msg.format('gamma')):
       jax.random.gamma(keys(), 1.0, shape=(2,))
-    with self.assertWarnsRegex(FutureWarning, msg.format('loggamma')):
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, msg.format('loggamma')):
       jax.random.loggamma(keys(), 1.0, shape=(2,))
-
-    # Other functions should error; test a few cases.
     with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, msg.format('fold_in')):
       jax.random.fold_in(keys(), 0)
     with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, msg.format('split')):
       jax.random.split(keys())
 
-    # Some shouldn't error or warn
+    # Shouldn't error or warn:
     with self.assertNoWarnings():
       jax.random.key_data(keys())
       jax.random.key_impl(keys())