diff --git a/tests/debugging_primitives_test.py b/tests/debugging_primitives_test.py
index 019d68cff..531161eff 100644
--- a/tests/debugging_primitives_test.py
+++ b/tests/debugging_primitives_test.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from jax._src import ad_checkpoint
 from jax._src import debugging
 from jax._src import dispatch
 from jax._src import test_util as jtu
+from jax._src.lib import xla_extension_version
 import jax.numpy as jnp
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -58,6 +59,47 @@ class DebugCallbackTest(jtu.JaxTestCase):
     with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "callable"):
       jax.debug.callback("this is not debug.print!")
 
+  @jtu.skip_on_flag("jax_skip_slow_tests", True)
+  @jtu.run_on_devices("cpu")
+  def test_async_deadlock(self):
+    if xla_extension_version < 306:
+      self.skipTest("deadlock expected")
+
+    # See https://github.com/jax-ml/jax/issues/25861
+    def print_it(i, maxiter):
+      self.assertIsInstance(i, jax.Array)
+      self.assertIsInstance(maxiter, jax.Array)
+      return i == maxiter  # Using JAX here causes deadlock with async dispatch
+
+    def run(pos):
+      maxiter = 1000
+
+      def cond(v):
+        return v[0] < maxiter
+
+      def step(v):
+        i, pos = v
+        jax.debug.callback(print_it, i + 1, maxiter)
+        return i + 1, pos + 1
+
+      val = jnp.array(0), pos
+      val = jax.lax.while_loop(cond, step, val)
+      return val[1]
+
+    n_samples = 30
+    inputs = 10 * jax.random.normal(
+        jax.random.key(42), shape=(n_samples, 128, 128)
+    )
+
+    def mean(forest):
+      norm = 1.0 / len(forest)
+      add = lambda a, b: a + b
+      m = norm * functools.reduce(add, forest)
+      return m
+
+    post_mean = mean(tuple(run(x) for x in inputs))
+    jax.block_until_ready(post_mean)  # This shouldn't deadlock.
+
 
 @jtu.thread_unsafe_test_class()  # printing isn't thread-safe
 class DebugPrintTest(jtu.JaxTestCase):