Update jnp.clip to Array API 2023 standard

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ Remember to align the itemized text with the first line of an item within a list
   * Pallas now exclusively uses XLA for compiling kernels on GPU. The old
     lowering pass via Triton Python APIs has been removed and the
     `JAX_TRITON_COMPILE_VIA_XLA` environment variable no longer has any effect.
+  * {func}`jax.numpy.clip` has a new argument signature: `a`, `a_min`, and
+    `a_max` are deprecated in favor of `x` (positonal only), `min`, and
+    `max` ({jax-issue}`20550`).
 
 
 ## jaxlib 0.4.27

jax/_src/numpy/array_methods.py

@@ -84,12 +84,11 @@ def _itemsize(arr: ArrayLike) -> int:
 
 
 def _clip(number: ArrayLike,
-          min: ArrayLike | None = None, max: ArrayLike | None = None,
-          out: None = None) -> Array:
+          min: ArrayLike | None = None, max: ArrayLike | None = None) -> Array:
   """Return an array whose values are limited to a specified range.
 
   Refer to :func:`jax.numpy.clip` for full documentation."""
-  return lax_numpy.clip(number, a_min=min, a_max=max, out=out)
+  return lax_numpy.clip(number, min=min, max=max)
 
 
 def _transpose(a: Array, *args: Any) -> Array:

jax/_src/numpy/lax_numpy.py

@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ from jax._src.numpy import reductions
 from jax._src.numpy import ufuncs
 from jax._src.numpy import util
 from jax._src.numpy.vectorize import vectorize
-from jax._src.typing import Array, ArrayLike, DimSize, DuckTypedArray, DType, DTypeLike, Shape
+from jax._src.typing import (
+  Array, ArrayLike, DimSize, DuckTypedArray,
+  DType, DTypeLike, Shape, DeprecatedArg
+)
 from jax._src.util import (unzip2, subvals, safe_zip,
                            ceil_of_ratio, partition_list,
                            canonicalize_axis as _canonicalize_axis,
@@ -1293,20 +1296,63 @@ def array_split(ary: ArrayLike, indices_or_sections: int | Sequence[int] | Array
                 axis: int = 0) -> list[Array]:
   return _split("array_split", ary, indices_or_sections, axis=axis)
 
-@util.implements(np.clip, skip_params=['out'])
+
+_DEPRECATED_CLIP_ARG = DeprecatedArg()
+@util.implements(
+  np.clip,
+  skip_params=['a', 'a_min'],
+  extra_params=_dedent("""
+    x : array_like
+        Array containing elements to clip.
+    min : array_like, optional
+        Minimum value. If ``None``, clipping is not performed on the
+        corresponding edge. The value of ``min`` is broadcast against x.
+    max : array_like, optional
+        Maximum value. If ``None``, clipping is not performed on the
+        corresponding edge. The value of ``max`` is broadcast against x.
+""")
+)
 @jit
-def clip(a: ArrayLike, a_min: ArrayLike | None = None,
-         a_max: ArrayLike | None = None, out: None = None) -> Array:
-  util.check_arraylike("clip", a)
-  if out is not None:
-    raise NotImplementedError("The 'out' argument to jnp.clip is not supported.")
-  if a_min is None and a_max is None:
-    raise ValueError("At most one of a_min and a_max may be None")
-  if a_min is not None:
-    a = ufuncs.maximum(a_min, a)
-  if a_max is not None:
-    a = ufuncs.minimum(a_max, a)
-  return asarray(a)
+def clip(
+  x: ArrayLike | None = None, # Default to preserve backwards compatability
+  /,
+  min: ArrayLike | None = None,
+  max: ArrayLike | None = None,
+  *,
+  a: ArrayLike | DeprecatedArg = _DEPRECATED_CLIP_ARG,
+  a_min: ArrayLike | None | DeprecatedArg = _DEPRECATED_CLIP_ARG,
+  a_max: ArrayLike | None | DeprecatedArg = _DEPRECATED_CLIP_ARG
+) -> Array:
+  # TODO(micky774): deprecated 2024-4-2, remove after deprecation expires.
+  x = a if not isinstance(a, DeprecatedArg) else x
+  if x is None:
+    raise ValueError("No input was provided to the clip function.")
+  min = a_min if not isinstance(a_min, DeprecatedArg) else min
+  max = a_max if not isinstance(a_max, DeprecatedArg) else max
+  if any(not isinstance(t, DeprecatedArg) for t in (a, a_min, a_max)):
+    warnings.warn(
+      "Passing arguments 'a', 'a_min', or 'a_max' to jax.numpy.clip is "
+      "deprecated. Please use 'x', 'min', and 'max' respectively instead.",
+      DeprecationWarning,
+      stacklevel=2,
+    )
+
+  util.check_arraylike("clip", x)
+  if any(jax.numpy.iscomplexobj(t) for t in (x, min, max)):
+    # TODO(micky774): Deprecated 2024-4-2, remove after deprecation expires.
+    warnings.warn(
+      "Clip received a complex value either through the input or the min/max "
+      "keywords. Complex values have no ordering and cannot be clipped. "
+      "Attempting to clip using complex numbers is deprecated and will soon "
+      "raise a ValueError. Please convert to a real value or array by taking "
+      "the real or imaginary components via jax.numpy.real/imag respectively.",
+      DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2,
+    )
+  if min is not None:
+    x = ufuncs.maximum(min, x)
+  if max is not None:
+    x = ufuncs.minimum(max, x)
+  return asarray(x)
 
 @util.implements(np.around, skip_params=['out'])
 @partial(jit, static_argnames=('decimals',))

jax/_src/scipy/special.py

@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ def _zeta_series_expansion(x: ArrayLike, q: ArrayLike | None = None) -> Array:
   m = jnp.expand_dims(np.arange(2 * M, dtype=M.dtype), tuple(range(s.ndim)))
   s_over_a = (s_ + m) / (a_ + N)
   T1 = jnp.cumprod(s_over_a, -1)[..., ::2]
-  T1 = jnp.clip(T1, a_max=jnp.finfo(dtype).max)
+  T1 = jnp.clip(T1, max=jnp.finfo(dtype).max)
   coefs = np.expand_dims(np.array(_BERNOULLI_COEFS[:T1.shape[-1]], dtype=dtype),
                          tuple(range(a.ndim)))
   T1 = T1 / coefs

jax/_src/typing.py

@@ -77,3 +77,9 @@ class DuckTypedArray(Protocol):
 # JAX array (i.e. not including future non-standard array types like KeyArray and BInt).
 # It's different than np.typing.ArrayLike in that it doesn't accept arbitrary sequences,
 # nor does it accept string data.
+
+# We use a class for deprecated args to avoid using Any/object types which can
+# introduce complications and mistakes in static analysis
+class DeprecatedArg:
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return "Deprecated"

jax/experimental/array_api/__init__.py

@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ from jax.experimental.array_api._elementwise_functions import (
     bitwise_right_shift as bitwise_right_shift,
     bitwise_xor as bitwise_xor,
     ceil as ceil,
+    clip as clip,
     conj as conj,
     cos as cos,
     cosh as cosh,

jax/experimental/array_api/_elementwise_functions.py

@@ -125,6 +125,22 @@ def ceil(x, /):
   return jax.numpy.ceil(x)
 
 
+def clip(x, /, min=None, max=None):
+  """Returns the complex conjugate for each element x_i of the input array x."""
+  x, = _promote_dtypes("clip", x)
+
+  # TODO(micky774): Remove when jnp.clip deprecation is completed
+  # (began 2024-4-2) and default behavior is Array API 2023 compliant
+  if any(jax.numpy.iscomplexobj(t) for t in (x, min, max)):
+    raise ValueError(
+      "Clip received a complex value either through the input or the min/max "
+      "keywords. Complex values have no ordering and cannot be clipped. "
+      "Please convert to a real value or array by taking the real or "
+      "imaginary components via jax.numpy.real/imag respectively."
+    )
+  return jax.numpy.clip(x, min=min, max=max)
+
+
 def conj(x, /):
   """Returns the complex conjugate for each element x_i of the input array x."""
   x, = _promote_dtypes("conj", x)

jax/experimental/jax2tf/tests/jax2tf_limitations.py

@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ class Jax2TfLimitation(test_harnesses.Limitation):
         # values like 1.0000001 on float32, which are clipped to 1.0. It is
         # possible that anything other than `cos_angular_diff` can be outside
         # the interval [0, 1] due to roundoff.
-        cos_angular_diff = jnp.clip(cos_angular_diff, a_min=0.0, a_max=1.0)
+        cos_angular_diff = jnp.clip(cos_angular_diff, min=0.0, max=1.0)
 
         angular_diff = jnp.arccos(cos_angular_diff)
 

jax/experimental/ode.py

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ def _odeint(func, rtol, atol, mxstep, hmax, y0, ts, *args):
       next_t = t + dt
       error_ratio = mean_error_ratio(next_y_error, rtol, atol, y, next_y)
       new_interp_coeff = interp_fit_dopri(y, next_y, k, dt)
-      dt = jnp.clip(optimal_step_size(dt, error_ratio), a_min=0., a_max=hmax)
+      dt = jnp.clip(optimal_step_size(dt, error_ratio), min=0., max=hmax)
 
       new = [i + 1, next_y, next_f, next_t, dt,      t, new_interp_coeff]
       old = [i + 1,      y,      f,      t, dt, last_t,     interp_coeff]
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ def _odeint(func, rtol, atol, mxstep, hmax, y0, ts, *args):
     return carry, y_target
 
   f0 = func_(y0, ts[0])
-  dt = jnp.clip(initial_step_size(func_, ts[0], y0, 4, rtol, atol, f0), a_min=0., a_max=hmax)
+  dt = jnp.clip(initial_step_size(func_, ts[0], y0, 4, rtol, atol, f0), min=0., max=hmax)
   interp_coeff = jnp.array([y0] * 5)
   init_carry = [y0, f0, ts[0], dt, ts[0], interp_coeff]
   _, ys = lax.scan(scan_fun, init_carry, ts[1:])

jax/numpy/__init__.pyi

@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ from jax._src import dtypes as _dtypes
 from jax._src.lax.lax import PrecisionLike
 from jax._src.lax.slicing import GatherScatterMode
 from jax._src.numpy.index_tricks import _Mgrid, _Ogrid, CClass as _CClass, RClass as _RClass
-from jax._src.typing import Array, ArrayLike, DType, DTypeLike, DimSize, DuckTypedArray, Shape
+from jax._src.typing import (
+    Array, ArrayLike, DType, DTypeLike,
+    DimSize, DuckTypedArray, Shape, DeprecatedArg
+)
 from jax.numpy import fft as fft, linalg as linalg
 from jax.sharding import Sharding as _Sharding
 import numpy as _np
@@ -181,8 +184,15 @@ def ceil(x: ArrayLike, /) -> Array: ...
 character = _np.character
 def choose(a: ArrayLike, choices: Sequence[ArrayLike],
            out: None = ..., mode: str = ...) -> Array: ...
-def clip(a: ArrayLike, a_min: Optional[ArrayLike] = ...,
-         a_max: Optional[ArrayLike] = ..., out: None = ...) -> Array: ...
+def clip(
+    x: ArrayLike | None = ...,
+    /,
+    min: Optional[ArrayLike] = ...,
+    max: Optional[ArrayLike] = ...,
+    a: ArrayLike | DeprecatedArg | None = ...,
+    a_min: ArrayLike | DeprecatedArg | None = ...,
+    a_max: ArrayLike | DeprecatedArg | None = ...
+) -> Array: ...
 def column_stack(
     tup: Union[_np.ndarray, Array, Sequence[ArrayLike]]
 ) -> Array: ...

tests/array_api_test.py

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ MAIN_NAMESPACE = {
   'broadcast_to',
   'can_cast',
   'ceil',
+  'clip',
   'complex128',
   'complex64',
   'concat',
@@ -233,5 +234,27 @@ class ArrayAPISmokeTest(absltest.TestCase):
     self.assertIs(x.__array_namespace__(), array_api)
 
 
+class ArrayAPIErrors(absltest.TestCase):
+  """Test that our array API implementations raise errors where required"""
+
+  # TODO(micky774): Remove when jnp.clip deprecation is completed
+  # (began 2024-4-2) and default behavior is Array API 2023 compliant
+  def test_clip_complex(self):
+    x = array_api.arange(5, dtype=array_api.complex64)
+    complex_msg = "Complex values have no ordering and cannot be clipped"
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, complex_msg):
+      array_api.clip(x)
+
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, complex_msg):
+      array_api.clip(x, max=x)
+
+    x = array_api.arange(5, dtype=array_api.int32)
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, complex_msg):
+      array_api.clip(x, min=-1+5j)
+
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, complex_msg):
+      array_api.clip(x, max=-1+5j)
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   absltest.main()

tests/lax_metal_test.py

@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ class LaxBackedNumpyTests(jtu.JaxTestCase):
       a_max = None if a_max is None else abs(a_max)
     rng = jtu.rand_default(self.rng())
     np_fun = lambda x: np.clip(x, a_min=a_min, a_max=a_max)
-    jnp_fun = lambda x: jnp.clip(x, a_min=a_min, a_max=a_max)
+    jnp_fun = lambda x: jnp.clip(x, min=a_min, max=a_max)
     args_maker = lambda: [rng(shape, dtype)]
     self._CheckAgainstNumpy(np_fun, jnp_fun, args_maker, check_dtypes=False)
     self._CompileAndCheck(jnp_fun, args_maker)

tests/lax_numpy_test.py

@@ -872,14 +872,45 @@ class LaxBackedNumpyTests(jtu.JaxTestCase):
       a_max = None if a_max is None else abs(a_max)
     rng = jtu.rand_default(self.rng())
     np_fun = lambda x: np.clip(x, a_min=a_min, a_max=a_max)
-    jnp_fun = lambda x: jnp.clip(x, a_min=a_min, a_max=a_max)
+    jnp_fun = lambda x: jnp.clip(x, min=a_min, max=a_max)
     args_maker = lambda: [rng(shape, dtype)]
     self._CheckAgainstNumpy(np_fun, jnp_fun, args_maker, check_dtypes=False)
     self._CompileAndCheck(jnp_fun, args_maker)
 
-  def testClipError(self):
-    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "At most one of a_min and a_max.*"):
-      jnp.clip(jnp.zeros((3,)))
+
+  @jtu.sample_product(
+    shape=all_shapes,
+    dtype=default_dtypes + unsigned_dtypes,
+  )
+  def testClipNone(self, shape, dtype):
+    rng = jtu.rand_default(self.rng())
+    x = rng(shape, dtype)
+    self.assertArraysEqual(jnp.clip(x), x)
+
+
+  # TODO(micky774): Check for ValueError instead of DeprecationWarning when
+  # jnp.clip deprecation is completed (began 2024-4-2) and default behavior is
+  # Array API 2023 compliant
+  @jtu.sample_product(shape=all_shapes)
+  @jax.numpy_rank_promotion('allow')  # This test explicitly exercises implicit rank promotion.
+  @jax.numpy_dtype_promotion('standard')  # This test explicitly exercises mixed type promotion
+  def testClipComplexInputDeprecation(self, shape):
+    rng = jtu.rand_default(self.rng())
+    x = rng(shape, dtype=jnp.complex64)
+    msg = "Complex values have no ordering and cannot be clipped"
+    with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, msg=msg):
+      jnp.clip(x)
+
+    with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, msg=msg):
+      jnp.clip(x, max=x)
+
+    x = rng(shape, dtype=jnp.int32)
+    with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, msg=msg):
+      jnp.clip(x, min=-1+5j)
+
+    with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, msg=msg):
+      jnp.clip(x, max=jnp.array([-1+5j]))
+
 
   @jtu.sample_product(
     [dict(shape=shape, dtype=dtype)
@@ -5772,7 +5803,7 @@ class NumpySignaturesTest(jtu.JaxTestCase):
       'argpartition': ['kind', 'order'],
       'asarray': ['like'],
       'broadcast_to': ['subok'],
-      'clip': ['kwargs'],
+      'clip': ['kwargs', 'out'],
       'copy': ['subok'],
       'corrcoef': ['ddof', 'bias', 'dtype'],
       'cov': ['dtype'],
@@ -5809,6 +5840,9 @@ class NumpySignaturesTest(jtu.JaxTestCase):
     }
 
     extra_params = {
+      # TODO(micky774): Remove when np.clip has adopted the Array API 2023
+      # standard
+      'clip': ['x', 'max', 'min'],
       'einsum': ['subscripts', 'precision'],
       'einsum_path': ['subscripts'],
       'take_along_axis': ['mode'],