diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index ee6dad30e..9897b7c8d 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ PLEASE REMEMBER TO CHANGE THE '..main' WITH AN ACTUAL TAG in GITHUB LINK.
     are not of an integer type, matching the behavior of
     {func}`numpy.take_along_axis`. Previously non-integer indices were silently
     cast to integers.
+* Deprecations
+  * Many functions and objects available in {mod}`jax.test_util` are now deprecated and will raise a
+    warning on import. This includes `cases_from_list`, `check_close`, `check_eq`, `device_under_test`,
+    `format_shape_dtype_string`, `rand_uniform`, `skip_on_devices`, `with_config`, `xla_bridge`, and
+    `_default_tolerance` ({jax-issue}`#10389`). These, along with previously-deprecated `JaxTestCase`,
+    `JaxTestLoader`, and `BufferDonationTestCase`, will be removed in a future JAX release.
+    Many of these utilities still exist in `jax._src.test_util`, but these are not public APIs and
+    as such may be changed or removed without notice.
 
 ## jaxlib 0.3.8 (Unreleased)
 * [GitHub
@@ -56,7 +64,7 @@ PLEASE REMEMBER TO CHANGE THE '..main' WITH AN ACTUAL TAG in GITHUB LINK.
     pod. Fixes [#10218](https://github.com/google/jax/issues/10218).
 * Deprecations:
   * {mod}`jax.experimental.loops` is being deprecated. See {jax-issue}`#10278`
-  for an alternative API.
+    for an alternative API.
 
 ## jax 0.3.5 (April 7, 2022)
 * [GitHub
diff --git a/jax/test_util.py b/jax/test_util.py
index 21e4194f1..e41f8d850 100644
--- a/jax/test_util.py
+++ b/jax/test_util.py
@@ -12,30 +12,40 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-# flake8: noqa: F401
-from jax._src.public_test_util import (
+from jax._src.public_test_util import (  # noqa: F401
   check_grads as check_grads,
   check_jvp as check_jvp,
   check_vjp as check_vjp,
 )
 
-# Conditional imports of private test utilities; these require their own BUILD target.
-# TODO(jakevdp): remove these imports once downstream dependencies are cleaned.
+# TODO(jakevdp): remove everything below once downstream callers are fixed.
+
+# Unconditionally import private test_util because it contains flag definitions.
+# In bazel, jax._src.test_util requires its own BUILD target so it may not be present.
+# pytype: disable=import-error
 try:
-  from jax._src.test_util import (  # pytype: disable=import-error
-    cases_from_list,
-    check_close,
-    check_eq,
-    device_under_test,
-    format_shape_dtype_string,
-    rand_uniform,
-    skip_on_devices,
-    with_config as with_config,
-    xla_bridge,
-    _default_tolerance,
-    DeprecatedJaxTestCase as JaxTestCase,
-    DeprecatedJaxTestLoader as JaxTestLoader,
-    DeprecatedBufferDonationTestCase as BufferDonationTestCase,
-  )
+  import jax._src.test_util as _private_test_util
 except ImportError:
   pass
+else:
+  del _private_test_util
+
+# Use module-level getattr to add warnings to imports of deprecated names.
+# pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
+def __getattr__(attr):
+  try:
+    from jax._src import test_util
+  except ImportError:
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__} has no attribute {attr}")
+  if attr in ['cases_from_list', 'check_close', 'check_eq', 'device_under_test',
+              'format_shape_dtype_string', 'rand_uniform', 'skip_on_devices',
+              'with_config', 'xla_bridge', '_default_tolerance']:
+    import warnings
+    warnings.warn(f"jax.test_util.{attr} is deprecated and will soon be removed.", FutureWarning)
+    return getattr(test_util, attr)
+  elif attr in ['JaxTestCase', 'JaxTestLoader', 'BufferDonationTestCase']:
+    # Do the TestCase imports separately, since they were previously deprecated via a different
+    # mechanism & we don't want to annoy projects who may have temporarily filtered a specific warning.
+    return getattr(test_util, 'Deprecated' + attr)
+  else:
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__} has no attribute {attr}")