diff --git a/jax/_src/xla_bridge.py b/jax/_src/xla_bridge.py
index 23b255ef1..28148761c 100644
--- a/jax/_src/xla_bridge.py
+++ b/jax/_src/xla_bridge.py
@@ -90,6 +90,13 @@ _MOCK_NUM_GPU_PROCESSES = config.int_flag(
     help="Mock number of JAX processes in GPU client. Value zero turns "
          "off mocking.",
 )
+_MOCK_GPU_TOPOLOGY = config.string_flag(
+    name="jax_mock_gpu_topology",
+    default="",
+    help='Mock multi-host GPU topology in GPU client. The value should '
+         'be of the form "<number-of-slices> x <number-of-hosts-per-slice> x '
+         '<number-of-devices-per-host>". Empty string turns off mocking.',
+)
 
 _CPU_ENABLE_GLOO_COLLECTIVES = config.bool_flag(
     name="jax_cpu_enable_gloo_collectives",
@@ -425,6 +432,14 @@ def _check_cuda_versions(raise_on_first_error: bool = False,
                        f'following issues with CUDA components:\n'
                        f'{join_str.join(errors)}')
 
+def _get_num_nodes_from_gpu_topology(topology: str) -> int:
+    try:
+      slices_str, hosts_per_slice_str, _ = topology.split("x", 2)
+      return int(slices_str) * int(hosts_per_slice_str)
+    except (IndexError, ValueError):
+      raise ValueError('Mock topology must be of the form '
+                       '"<number-of-slices> x <number-of-hosts-per-slice> x '
+                       '<number-of-devices-per-host>".')
 
 def make_gpu_client(
     *, platform_name: str, visible_devices_flag: config.Flag[str]
@@ -434,12 +449,14 @@ def make_gpu_client(
   if visible_devices != "all":
     allowed_devices = {int(x) for x in visible_devices.split(",")}
 
-  use_mock_gpu_client = _MOCK_NUM_GPU_PROCESSES.value > 0
-  num_nodes = (
-      _MOCK_NUM_GPU_PROCESSES.value
-      if use_mock_gpu_client
-      else distributed.global_state.num_processes
-  )
+  mock_gpu_topology = _MOCK_GPU_TOPOLOGY.value or None
+  mock_num_gpu_processes = (_get_num_nodes_from_gpu_topology(mock_gpu_topology) if
+      mock_gpu_topology else _MOCK_NUM_GPU_PROCESSES.value)
+
+  use_mock_gpu_client = mock_num_gpu_processes > 0
+  num_nodes = (mock_num_gpu_processes if use_mock_gpu_client
+      else distributed.global_state.num_processes)
+
   if platform_name == "cuda":
     if not os.getenv("JAX_SKIP_CUDA_CONSTRAINTS_CHECK"):
       _check_cuda_versions()
@@ -634,10 +651,14 @@ def _options_from_jax_configs(plugin_name):
     visible_devices = CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES.value
     if visible_devices != 'all':
       options['visible_devices'] = [int(x) for x in visible_devices.split(',')]
-    mock_gpu_processes = _MOCK_NUM_GPU_PROCESSES.value
-    options['enable_mock_nccl'] = mock_gpu_processes > 0
-    if options['enable_mock_nccl']:
-      options['num_nodes'] = mock_gpu_processes
+    mock_gpu_topology = _MOCK_GPU_TOPOLOGY.value or None
+    mock_num_processes = (_get_num_nodes_from_gpu_topology(mock_gpu_topology) if
+        mock_gpu_topology else _MOCK_NUM_GPU_PROCESSES.value)
+    options['enable_mock_nccl'] = mock_num_processes > 0
+    if mock_num_processes > 0:
+      options['num_nodes'] = mock_num_processes
+      if mock_gpu_topology:
+        options['mock_gpu_topology'] = mock_gpu_topology
 
   return options
 
diff --git a/tests/BUILD b/tests/BUILD
index dc81c408c..1f6ea90b7 100644
--- a/tests/BUILD
+++ b/tests/BUILD
@@ -321,6 +321,21 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     ],
 )
 
+jax_multiplatform_test(
+    name = "mock_gpu_topology_test",
+    srcs = ["mock_gpu_topology_test.py"],
+    enable_backends = ["gpu"],
+    enable_configs = [
+        "gpu_h100",
+    ],
+    tags = [
+        "config-cuda-only",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        "//jax:experimental",
+    ],
+)
+
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "array_test",
     srcs = ["array_test.py"],
diff --git a/tests/mock_gpu_topology_test.py b/tests/mock_gpu_topology_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44ec4e2f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mock_gpu_topology_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Copyright 2024 The JAX Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from absl.testing import absltest
+import jax
+from jax._src import test_util as jtu
+import jax.numpy as jnp
+from jax.sharding import NamedSharding
+from jax.sharding import PartitionSpec as P
+
+jax.config.parse_flags_with_absl()
+
+NUM_SLICES = 2
+NUM_HOSTS_PER_SLICE = 4
+
+
+@jtu.with_config(
+  jax_mock_gpu_topology=f"{NUM_SLICES}x{NUM_HOSTS_PER_SLICE}x1",
+  jax_cuda_visible_devices="0")
+class MockGPUTopologyTest(jtu.JaxTestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    if not jtu.test_device_matches(["gpu"]):
+      self.skipTest("Mocking devices only works on the GPU backend.")
+    super().setUp()
+
+  @jtu.skip_under_pytest("Test must run in an isolated process")
+  def testMockDeviceCount(self):
+    self.assertEqual(jax.device_count(), NUM_SLICES * NUM_HOSTS_PER_SLICE)
+
+  @jtu.skip_under_pytest("Test must run in an isolated process")
+  def testMockWithSharding(self):
+    mesh = jax.sharding.Mesh(jax.devices(), ('x',))
+    f = jax.jit(jnp.sum,
+                in_shardings=NamedSharding(mesh, P('x')),
+                out_shardings=NamedSharding(mesh, P()))
+
+    f_lowered = f.lower(jnp.arange(16))
+    hlo = f_lowered.compiler_ir()
+
+    mocked_count = NUM_SLICES * NUM_HOSTS_PER_SLICE
+    self.assertIn(f'num_partitions = {mocked_count}', str(hlo))
+    self.assertIn(
+        f'sharding = "{{devices=[{mocked_count}]<=[{mocked_count}]}}"',
+        str(hlo)
+    )
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  absltest.main(testLoader=jtu.JaxTestLoader())