The Python warnings.catch_warnings() functionality is not thread-safe (https://py-free-threading.github.io/porting/#the-warnings-module-is-not-thread-safe), so we cannot use it during tests that use free-threading. This change introduces a private warnings test helper (test_warning_util.py), which hooks the CPython warning infrastructure and uses it to implement thread-safe warnings infrastructure.
This requires a handful of small modifications to tests to remove direct uses of the warnings module. We also sadly have to delete one TPU test that checks for a warning raised on another thread; there's no easy way for us to catch that in a thread-safe way, but that test seems like overkill anyway.
