# Copyright 2020 The JAX Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Callable
from contextlib import contextmanager
from functools import wraps
import gzip
import http.server
import json
import logging
import os
import pathlib
import socketserver
import threading
from typing import Any
import warnings

from jax._src import traceback_util
traceback_util.register_exclusion(__file__)

from jax._src import xla_bridge
from jax._src.lib import xla_client

_profiler_server: xla_client.profiler.ProfilerServer | None = None

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def start_server(port: int) -> xla_client.profiler.ProfilerServer:
  """Starts the profiler server on port `port`.

  Using the "TensorFlow profiler" feature in `TensorBoard
  <https://www.tensorflow.org/tensorboard>`_ 2.2 or newer, you can
  connect to the profiler server and sample execution traces that show CPU,
  GPU, and/or TPU device activity.
  """
  global _profiler_server
  if _profiler_server is not None:
    raise ValueError("Only one profiler server can be active at a time.")

  # Make sure backends are initialized before creating a profiler
  # session. Otherwise on Cloud TPU, libtpu may not be initialized before
  # creating the tracer, which will cause the TPU tracer initialization to
  # fail and no TPU operations will be included in the profile.
  # NOTE(skyewm): I'm not sure this is necessary for start_server (is definitely
  # is for start_trace), but I'm putting it here to be safe.
  xla_bridge.get_backend()

  _profiler_server = xla_client.profiler.start_server(port)
  return _profiler_server


def stop_server():
  """Stops the running profiler server."""
  global _profiler_server
  if _profiler_server is None:
    raise ValueError("No active profiler server.")
  _profiler_server = None # Should destroy the profiler server


class _ProfileState:
  def __init__(self):
    self.profile_session = None
    self.log_dir = None
    self.create_perfetto_link = False
    self.create_perfetto_trace = False
    self.lock = threading.Lock()

  def reset(self):
    _profile_state.profile_session = None
    _profile_state.create_perfetto_link = False
    _profile_state.create_perfetto_trace = False
    _profile_state.log_dir = None


_profile_state = _ProfileState()


def start_trace(log_dir: os.PathLike | str, create_perfetto_link: bool = False,
                create_perfetto_trace: bool = False) -> None:
  """Starts a profiler trace.

  The trace will capture CPU, GPU, and/or TPU activity, including Python
  functions and JAX on-device operations. Use :func:`stop_trace` to end the trace
  and save the results to ``log_dir``.

  The resulting trace can be viewed with TensorBoard. Note that TensorBoard
  doesn't need to be running when collecting the trace.

  Only one trace may be collected at a time. A RuntimeError will be raised if
  :func:`start_trace` is called while another trace is running.

  Args:
    log_dir: The directory to save the profiler trace to (usually the
      TensorBoard log directory).
    create_perfetto_link: A boolean which, if true, creates and prints link to
      the Perfetto trace viewer UI (https://ui.perfetto.dev). The program will
      block until the link is opened and Perfetto loads the trace.
    create_perfetto_trace: A boolean which, if true, additionally dumps a
      ``perfetto_trace.json.gz`` file that is compatible for upload with the
      Perfetto trace viewer UI (https://ui.perfetto.dev). The file will also be
      generated if ``create_perfetto_link`` is true. This could be useful if you
      want to generate a Perfetto-compatible trace without blocking the
      process.
  """
  with _profile_state.lock:
    if _profile_state.profile_session is not None:
      raise RuntimeError("Profile has already been started. "
                         "Only one profile may be run at a time.")
    # Make sure backends are initialized before creating a profiler
    # session. Otherwise on Cloud TPU, libtpu may not be initialized before
    # creating the tracer, which will cause the TPU tracer initialization to
    # fail and no TPU operations will be included in the profile.
    xla_bridge.get_backend()

    _profile_state.profile_session = xla_client.profiler.ProfilerSession()
    _profile_state.create_perfetto_link = create_perfetto_link
    _profile_state.create_perfetto_trace = (
        create_perfetto_trace or create_perfetto_link)
    _profile_state.log_dir = str(log_dir)


def _write_perfetto_trace_file(log_dir: os.PathLike | str):
  # Navigate to folder with the latest trace dump to find `trace.json.jz`
  trace_folders = (pathlib.Path(log_dir).absolute() / "plugins" / "profile").iterdir()
  latest_trace_folder = max(trace_folders, key=os.path.getmtime)
  trace_jsons = latest_trace_folder.glob("*.trace.json.gz")
  try:
    trace_json, = trace_jsons
  except ValueError as value_error:
    raise ValueError(f"Invalid trace folder: {latest_trace_folder}") from value_error

  logger.info("Loading trace.json.gz and removing its metadata...")
  # Perfetto doesn't like the `metadata` field in `trace.json` so we remove
  # it.
  # TODO(sharadmv): speed this up by updating the generated `trace.json`
  # to not include metadata if possible.
  with gzip.open(trace_json, "rb") as fp:
    trace = json.load(fp)
    del trace["metadata"]
  perfetto_trace = latest_trace_folder / "perfetto_trace.json.gz"
  logger.info("Writing perfetto_trace.json.gz...")
  with gzip.open(perfetto_trace, "w") as fp:
    fp.write(json.dumps(trace).encode("utf-8"))
  return perfetto_trace

class _PerfettoServer(http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
  """Handles requests from `ui.perfetto.dev` for the `trace.json`"""

  def end_headers(self):
    self.send_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')
    return super().end_headers()

  def do_GET(self):
    self.server.last_request = self.path
    return super().do_GET()

  def do_POST(self):
    self.send_error(404, "File not found")

def _host_perfetto_trace_file(path: os.PathLike | str):
  # ui.perfetto.dev looks for files hosted on `127.0.0.1:9001`. We set up a
  # TCP server that is hosting the `perfetto_trace.json.gz` file.
  port = 9001
  orig_directory = pathlib.Path.cwd()
  directory, filename = os.path.split(path)
  try:
    os.chdir(directory)
    socketserver.TCPServer.allow_reuse_address = True
    with socketserver.TCPServer(('127.0.0.1', port), _PerfettoServer) as httpd:
      url = f"https://ui.perfetto.dev/#!/?url=http://127.0.0.1:{port}/{filename}"
      print(f"Open URL in browser: {url}")

      # Once ui.perfetto.dev acquires trace.json from this server we can close
      # it down.
      while httpd.__dict__.get('last_request') != '/' + filename:
        httpd.handle_request()
  finally:
    os.chdir(orig_directory)

def stop_trace():
  """Stops the currently-running profiler trace.

  The trace will be saved to the ``log_dir`` passed to the corresponding
  :func:`start_trace` call. Raises a RuntimeError if a trace hasn't been started.
  """
  with _profile_state.lock:
    if _profile_state.profile_session is None:
      raise RuntimeError("No profile started")
    sess = _profile_state.profile_session
    sess.export(sess.stop(), str(_profile_state.log_dir))
    if _profile_state.create_perfetto_trace:
      abs_filename = _write_perfetto_trace_file(_profile_state.log_dir)
      if _profile_state.create_perfetto_link:
        _host_perfetto_trace_file(abs_filename)
    _profile_state.reset()


def stop_and_get_fdo_profile() -> bytes | str:
  """Stops the currently-running profiler trace and export fdo_profile.

  Currently, this is only supported for GPU.
  Raises a RuntimeError if a trace hasn't been started.
  """
  with _profile_state.lock:
    if _profile_state.profile_session is None:
      raise RuntimeError("No profile started")
    xspace = _profile_state.profile_session.stop()
    fdo_profile = xla_client.profiler.get_fdo_profile(xspace)
    _profile_state.reset()
    return fdo_profile


@contextmanager
def trace(log_dir: os.PathLike | str, create_perfetto_link=False, create_perfetto_trace=False):
  """Context manager to take a profiler trace.

  The trace will capture CPU, GPU, and/or TPU activity, including Python
  functions and JAX on-device operations.

  The resulting trace can be viewed with TensorBoard. Note that TensorBoard
  doesn't need to be running when collecting the trace.

  Only one trace may be collected at a time. A RuntimeError will be raised if a
  trace is started while another trace is running.

  Args:
    log_dir: The directory to save the profiler trace to (usually the
      TensorBoard log directory).
    create_perfetto_link: A boolean which, if true, creates and prints link to
      the Perfetto trace viewer UI (https://ui.perfetto.dev). The program will
      block until the link is opened and Perfetto loads the trace.
    create_perfetto_trace: A boolean which, if true, additionally dumps a
      ``perfetto_trace.json.gz`` file that is compatible for upload with the
      Perfetto trace viewer UI (https://ui.perfetto.dev). The file will also be
      generated if ``create_perfetto_link`` is true. This could be useful if you
      want to generate a Perfetto-compatible trace without blocking the
      process.
  """
  start_trace(log_dir, create_perfetto_link, create_perfetto_trace)
  try:
    yield
  finally:
    stop_trace()


class TraceAnnotation(xla_client.profiler.TraceMe):
  """Context manager that generates a trace event in the profiler.

  The trace event spans the duration of the code enclosed by the context.

  For example:

  >>> x = jnp.ones((1000, 1000))
  >>> with jax.profiler.TraceAnnotation("my_label"):
  ...   result = jnp.dot(x, x.T).block_until_ready()

  This will cause a "my_label" event to show up on the trace timeline if the
  event occurs while the process is being traced.
  """


class StepTraceAnnotation(TraceAnnotation):
  """Context manager that generates a step trace event in the profiler.

  The step trace event spans the duration of the code enclosed by the context.
  The profiler will provide the performance analysis for each step trace event.

  For example, it can be used to mark training steps and enable the profiler to
  provide the performance analysis per step:

  >>> while global_step < NUM_STEPS:                                           # doctest: +SKIP
  ...   with jax.profiler.StepTraceAnnotation("train", step_num=global_step):  # doctest: +SKIP
  ...     train_step()                                                         # doctest: +SKIP
  ...     global_step += 1                                                     # doctest: +SKIP

  This will cause a "train xx" event to show up on the trace timeline if the
  event occurs while the process is being traced by TensorBoard. In addition,
  if using accelerators, the device trace timeline will also show a "train xx"
  event. Note that "step_num" can be set as a keyword argument to pass the
  global step number to the profiler.

  """

  def __init__(self, name: str, **kwargs):
    super().__init__(name, _r=1, **kwargs)


def annotate_function(func: Callable, name: str | None = None,
                      **decorator_kwargs):
  """Decorator that generates a trace event for the execution of a function.

  For example:

  >>> @jax.profiler.annotate_function
  ... def f(x):
  ...   return jnp.dot(x, x.T).block_until_ready()
  >>>
  >>> result = f(jnp.ones((1000, 1000)))

  This will cause an "f" event to show up on the trace timeline if the
  function execution occurs while the process is being traced by TensorBoard.

  Arguments can be passed to the decorator via :py:func:`functools.partial`.

  >>> from functools import partial

  >>> @partial(jax.profiler.annotate_function, name="event_name")
  ... def f(x):
  ...   return jnp.dot(x, x.T).block_until_ready()

  >>> result = f(jnp.ones((1000, 1000)))
  """

  name = name or getattr(func, '__qualname__', None)
  name = name or func.__name__
  @wraps(func)
  def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
    with TraceAnnotation(name, **decorator_kwargs):
      return func(*args, **kwargs)
  return wrapper


def device_memory_profile(backend: str | None = None) -> bytes:
  """Captures a JAX device memory profile as ``pprof``-format protocol buffer.

  A device memory profile is a snapshot of the state of memory, that describes the JAX
  :class:`~jax.Array` and executable objects present in memory and their
  allocation sites.

  For more information how to use the device memory profiler, see
  :doc:`/device_memory_profiling`.

  The profiling system works by instrumenting JAX on-device allocations,
  capturing a Python stack trace for each allocation. The instrumentation is
  always enabled; :func:`device_memory_profile` provides an API to capture it.

  The output of :func:`device_memory_profile` is a binary protocol buffer that
  can be interpreted and visualized by the `pprof tool
  <https://github.com/google/pprof>`_.

  Args:
    backend: optional; the name of the JAX backend for which the device memory
      profile should be collected.

  Returns:
    A byte string containing a binary `pprof`-format protocol buffer.
  """
  return xla_client.heap_profile(xla_bridge.get_backend(backend))


def save_device_memory_profile(filename, backend: str | None = None) -> None:
  """Collects a device memory profile and writes it to a file.

  :func:`save_device_memory_profile` is a convenience wrapper around :func:`device_memory_profile`
  that saves its output to a ``filename``. See the
  :func:`device_memory_profile` documentation for more information.

  Args:
    filename: the filename to which the profile should be written.
    backend: optional; the name of the JAX backend for which the device memory
      profile should be collected.
  """
  profile = device_memory_profile(backend)
  with open(filename, "wb") as f:
    f.write(profile)


# Allows to run model with profiler given amount of times. After required amount
# of retries achived client can collect FDO data.
class PGLEProfiler:

  def __init__(self, retries: int, percentile: int):
    self.retries: int = retries
    self.percentile: int = percentile
    self.collected_fdo: str | None = None
    self.called_times: int = 0
    self.fdo_profiles: list[Any] = []
    self.current_session: xla_client.profiler.ProfilerSession | None = None

  def consume_fdo_profile(self) -> str | None:
    if self.collected_fdo is not None:
      return self.collected_fdo

    if not self.is_enabled() or self.called_times != self.retries:
      return None

    self.collected_fdo = xla_client.profiler.aggregate_profiled_instructions(
        self.fdo_profiles, self.percentile
    )
    return self.collected_fdo

  def is_fdo_consumed(self):
    return self.collected_fdo is not None

  def disable(self):
    self.retries = 0

  def is_enabled(self):
    return self.retries > 0

  def is_running(self):
    return self.current_session is not None

  @classmethod
  @contextmanager
  def trace(cls, runner: PGLEProfiler | None):
    if (runner is None or runner.is_running()
        or not runner.is_enabled() or runner.is_fdo_consumed()):
      yield
    else:
      options = xla_client.profiler.ProfileOptions()
      options.enable_hlo_proto = True
      options.raise_error_on_start_failure = True
      runner.current_session = xla_client.profiler.ProfilerSession(options)

      try:
        yield
      finally:
        xspace = runner.current_session.stop()
        runner.fdo_profiles.append(
            xla_client.profiler.get_fdo_profile(xspace)
        )
        runner.current_session = None

        runner.called_times += 1
        if runner.fdo_profiles[-1] == b'':
          warnings.warn(
              "PGLE collected an empty trace, may be due to contention with "
              "another tool that subscribes to CUPTI, such as Nsight Systems - check "
              "for CUPTI_ERROR_MULTIPLE_SUBSCRIBERS_NOT_SUPPORTED from XLA. "
              "Consider populating a persistent compilation cache with PGLE enabled, "
              "and then profiling a second run that has the "
              "JAX_COMPILATION_CACHE_EXPECT_PGLE option enabled.",
              RuntimeWarning)